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13. In the text find definitions of:

    • commodity analysis;

    • institutional analysis;

    • functional analysis.

14. Answer the following questions.

  1. When did the marketing discipline start?

  2. What did economic science accept as the determination of demand levels?

  3. What did the examination of early marketing economists result in?

  4. What does commodity analysis study?

  5. What does institutional analysis describe?

  6. What does functional analysis examine?

  7. When did the study of marketing become more prevalent?

  8. What did marketing concepts and techniques later move into?

15. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.

1. Marketing evolved in the early 20th century as an offspring of management.

2. Early marketing economists studied different types of markets.

3. Commodity, institutional and functional analysis are very important for marketing activity.

4. With marketing development large companies began to understand its importance in the success of their brands.

5. Now marketing concepts and techniques are used in every branch of industry.

6. Only goods and services may be marketed.

16. Arrange the sentences according to the text.

1. Institutional analysis is the description of the types of businesses that play a prevalent role in marketing.

2. Commodity analysis is the study of the ways in which a product is brought to market.

3. Later marketing concepts and techniques moved into industrial goods and service sectors.

4. Marketing appeared as an offspring of economic science in the early 20th century.

5. According to marketing studies the importance of market research, better product design, effective distribution, and sustained communication with consumers are very important in the success of the brands.

6. Early marketers examined agricultural and industrial markets and developed three approaches to the analysis of marketing activity: the commodity, the institution, and the function.

7. Functional analysis is the examination of the general tasks that marketing performs.

8. Besides goods organizations and individuals market ideas, places, personalities, events and even organizations themselves.

17. Complete the table according to the text.

Analysis of marketing activity

studies

describes

examines

18. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.

19. Using ex. 17 and 18 p. 77 say what you have learnt about the development of marketing as a science.

20. Translate into English:

  1. Маркетинг включает в себя действия, связанные с движением товара от производителя к потребителю.

  2. Изучение рынка помогает предсказывать спрос.

  3. Многие компании cчитают, что маркетинговые исследования важны.

  4. Сельскохозяйственные и промышленные рынки были изучены первыми экономистами-маркетологами.

  5. Обычно компании разрабатывают план производства новых продуктов.

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