
- •Предисловие
- •1. Read and translate the text "Definition of Management".
- •Vocabulary on the text .
- •12. Complete the following sentences using the information from the text. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •13. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •14. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.
- •15. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •16. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •17. Say what you have learnt about management.
- •18. Read the following information and answer the questions.
- •Is Mary a manager?
- •1. Read and translate the text "Management".
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents.
- •3. Give English equivalents.
- •7. Insert prepositions where necessary.
- •8. In the text find sentences with the infinitives and define their functions.
- •9. Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind infinitives and their functions.
- •10. Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following.
- •11. In the text find definitions of:
- •12. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •13. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.
- •14. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •15. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •17. Translate into English.
- •1. Read and translate the text "Early Management Thought". Text c. Early Management Thought
- •2. Give Russian equivalents.
- •3. Give English equivalents.
- •11. Say what you have learnt about the first application of management techniques.
- •12. Summarize the information of texts a, b, and c and speak on management using the plan:
- •1. Read and translate the text "Foundation of Modern Management".
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Study the scheme and speak on the emergence of modern management thought.
- •1. Read and translate the text “Scientific management”. Text b. Scientific Management
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give English equivalents.
- •3. Give Russian equivalents.
- •8 Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following.
- •9. Complete the sentences according to the text.
- •10. Answer the questions on the text.
- •11. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.
- •12. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •13. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •14. Say what you have learnt about
- •1. Read and translate the text “Administrative Management”. Text c. Administrative Management.
- •2. Give English equivalents.
- •3. Give Russian equivalents.
- •7. Complete the sentences by translating the words and word combinations in brackets. Mind the tense forms of the verbs.
- •8. Insert prepositions.
- •9. In the text find the words which describe or mean the following.
- •10. Answer the questions on the text.
- •11. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.
- •12. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •13. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •14. Say what you have learnt about the representatives of administrative management and the Fayol’s achievements in this sphere.
- •1. Read and translate the text “Human Behavior”. Text d. Human Behavior
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents.
- •3. Give English equivalents.
- •7. Insert prepositions.
- •8. Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following.
- •9. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •10. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.
- •Unit 3. Management as a Matter of Fact.
- •Text a. Management as an Art, a Science and a Profession.
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents.
- •3. Give English equivalents.
- •7. Paraphrase the sentences.
- •8. Insert prepositions.
- •9. Translate the sentences paying attention to the participles. State their form and the function.
- •10. Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following.
- •11. Answer the questions on the text.
- •12. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.
- •13. Arrange the following sentences according to the text.
- •15. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •16. Say what you have learnt about. Use ex. 14.
- •1. Read and translate the text "Areas of Management."
- •Areas of Management
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents.
- •3. Give English equivalents.
- •7. A) Insert prepositions. Horizontal Dimension: Responsibility Areas
- •The Management Hierarchy.
- •9. Find in text b the words which describe or mean the following.
- •10. In text b find definitions of:
- •11. Answer the questions on the text.
- •12. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.
- •13. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •14. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •15. Say what you have learnt about:
- •16. Translate into English.
- •1. Read and translate the text "Management Functions".
- •Text a. Management Functions
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. In the text find the derivatives of the given words.
- •10. Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following.
- •11. Match the term on the left with its definition on the right.
- •12. A)Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate words given below.
- •13. In the text find the definitions to the following terms.
- •14. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •15. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.
- •16. Determine which of the management functions is demonstrated by each sentence.
- •17. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •18. Complete the schemes according to the text.
- •19. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •20. Using the scheme of ex. 18 and the plan say what you have learnt about
- •Organizing and staffing the structure.
- •21. What would make a good manager?
- •1. Read and translate the text “Types of Managers” Text b. Types of Managers
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •Give English equivalents.
- •Give Russian equivalents.
- •5. Match the words having the opposite meaning.
- •7. A) Insert prepositions.
- •8. Fill in the blanks with a word or word combination from the text.
- •9. Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following.
- •10. Read the text and formulate definitions of:
- •11. Answer the questions on the text.
- •12. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.
- •13. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •14. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •15. Say what you have learnt about the types of managers.
- •1. Read and translate the text “Management Skills.” Text c. Management Skills
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give English equivalents.
- •3. Give Russian equivalents.
- •7. A) Insert prepositions.
- •8. Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following.
- •9. Read the text and formulate definitions of:
- •10. Answer the following questions on the text.
- •11. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements.
- •12. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •13. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •14. Say what you have learnt about the management skills at different levels of the hierarchy.
- •15. Summarize the information of texts a, b, and c and speak on management functions, skills and hierarchy. Test yourself. Management
- •1. Read and translate the text "Marketing".
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give English equivalents.
- •3. Give Russian equivalents.
- •7. Insert prepositions.
- •8. In the text find the sentences containing a) Participle II and the Infinitive. Define their functions. B) Modal Verbs and their equivalents.
- •9. A) Translate the following sentences into Russian. B) Define the meaning and the role of the word ‘unless’ in the sentences.
- •10. Match the words in the box with their definitions given below.
- •11. A) From the text write out the definitions of:
- •12. Answer the following questions.
- •13. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.
- •14. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •15. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •16. Say what you have learnt about marketing from text a and ex.7(b), p. 71.
- •1. Read and translate the text "The Evolving Discipline of Marketing ". Text b. The Evolving Discipline of Marketing
- •7. Choose the necessary word from the box and complete the sentences given below.
- •8. Insert prepositions.
- •9. A) From the text write out the sentences with the Passive Voice. Translate them into Russian. B) Make them Active.
- •10. Read the sentences and translate them into Russian. Mind the Passive Voice.
- •11. Make the sentences Passive.
- •12. In the text find the words which describe or mean the following.
- •13. In the text find definitions of:
- •14. Answer the following questions.
- •15. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.
- •16. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •1. Read and translate the text “The Higher Purpose of Marketing”. Text c. The Higher Purpose of Marketing
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents.
- •3. Give English equivalents.
- •7. Insert prepositions.
- •8. Choose the correct alternative.
- •9. In the text find the words which describe or mean the following:
- •10. Answer the following questions.
- •11. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.
- •12. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •Unit 2. The Marketing Concept
- •Text a. The Marketing Concept
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents:
- •3. Give the English equivalents:
- •7. Insert prepositions.
- •8. From the text write out different Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives or Adverbs. Translate them into Russian.
- •9. In the text find the words which describe or mean the following:
- •10. In the text find definitions of:
- •11. Answer the questions.
- •12. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.
- •13. Complete the sentences:
- •14. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •15. Translate into English:
- •16. Speak on the following:
- •1. Read and translate the text “Marketing Concept in Practice” Text b. Marketing Concept in Practice.
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give English equivalents.
- •3. Give Russian equivalents.
- •7. Insert prepositions.
- •8. In the text find definitions of:
- •9. From the text write out:
- •10. Answer the following questions.
- •11. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.
- •12. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •Complete the scheme according to the text.
- •14. Say what you have learnt about a) McDonald’s as one of the enterprises using marketing concept; b) the difference between marketing concept and selling concept.
- •1. Read and translate the text “Marketing Information and Marketing Research”.
- •Marketing Information and Marketing Research
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents.
- •3. Give English equivalents.
- •7. A) Insert prepositions. Strategic Market Planning
- •8. In the text find the words which describe or mean the following.
- •9. In the text find definitions of:
- •10. Answer the following questions.
- •11. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.
- •12. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •13. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •14. Study the following scheme and using it and a plan speak about marketing information and marketing research. Marketing Information
- •Internal sources external sources six steps:
- •16. Summarize the information of texts a, b, and c and speak on implementation of marketing concept and the ways of getting marketing information. Unit 3. The Marketing Process
- •Read and translate the text "The Marketing Process. Strategic Marketing Analysis" Text a. The Marketing Process. Strategic Marketing Analysis
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents:
- •3. Give English equivalents:
- •6. Match the words to make a word combination.
- •7. Insert prepositions where necessary.
- •8. A) In the text find sentences with the participles. Define their forms and functions and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •9. In the text find definitions of:
- •10. Complete the sentences according to the text.
- •11. Answer the following questions.
- •12. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.
- •13. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •14. A) Read and translate the following passage into Russian in writing.
- •15. Look through text a and ex. 14 and speak on strategic marketing analyses as a part of marketing process.
- •1. Read and translate the text "Marketing-mix Planning". Text b. Marketing-mix Planning
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give English equivalents.
- •3. Give Russian equivalents.
- •7. Insert prepositions.
- •9. Read the sentences and translate them into Russian. Mind the Conditionals.
- •10. Change the sentences of real conditions into the sentences of unreal conditions according to the model. Translate them into Russian.
- •12. Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following.
- •13. Answer the following questions. If you have any difficulties, consult the text.
- •14. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.
- •15. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •16. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •17. Say what you have learnt about marketing-mix planning.
- •1. Read and translate the text “a Product and Price”. Text c. A Product and Price
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents.
- •3. Give English equivalents.
- •7. Insert prepositions.
- •8. Find in the text the words which describe or mean the following.
- •9. In the text find definitions of:
- •10. Answer the following questions.
- •11. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.
- •12. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •13. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •14. Say what you have learnt about the product and its price.
- •1. Read and translate the text ”Pricing Objectives“. Text d. Pricing Objectives
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents.
- •3. Give English equivalents:
- •7. Insert prepositions.
- •8. A) From the text write out sentences with the Complex Subject. Translate them into Russian.
- •13. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •14. Formulate the theme of each paragraph and make up a plan of the text.
- •15. Say what you have learnt about the pricing objectives.
- •1. Read and translate the text “Product Life Cycle”. Text e. Product Life Cycle
- •Vocabulary on the text.
- •2. Give Russian equivalents.
- •3. Give English equivalents:
- •7. Insert prepositions.
- •8. Complete the sentences with the vocabulary on the text:
- •9. Match the stage with its characteristic.
- •10. Answer the following questions.
- •11. Agree or disagree. Correct wrong statements.
- •12. Arrange the sentences according to the text.
- •Test yourself. Marketing
- •1. Read text 1.
- •2. Say how management helped Ford found America’s largest corporation.
- •3. Ask 10 questions to the text. Unit 2. Foundation of Modern Management
- •1. Read text 1.
- •Text 1. The Birth of Management Ideas
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •Unit 3. Management as a Matter of Fact
- •1. Read text 1. Text 1. Human Resource Management
- •2. Give definition of human resource management.
- •3. Answer the questions.
- •1. Read text 2.
- •Text 2.
- •The Scope of Management.
- •Management in Profit-Seeking Organizations
- •2. Give synonym to the word profit-seeking organization.
- •3. Speak about the difference in management of large business, small business and international management.
- •Text 3. The Nature of Organization Structure
- •Text 4. Job Design
- •Unit 4. Management Functions and Management Skills
- •1. Read text 1. Text 1. Strategic Management
- •2. Ask 10 questions to the text covering it and serving as a plan.
- •1. Read text 2. Text 2. Decision Making
- •2. Explain the difference between two types of models: rational and non-rational.
- •3. Write out advantages and disadvantages of group decision making. Comment them.
- •Text 3. Motivation
- •Leadership and the Organizational Life Cycle
- •Text 5. Leadership
- •Text 6. Controlling
- •2. From the text write out: a) five managerial challenges;
- •1. Read text 7. Text 7. Acquiring Management Skills
- •2. Agree or disagree to the following. Correct wrong statements and give your arguments.
- •3. Say: a) how people are learned by experience;
- •Make written translation of text 8.
- •Management Education in Europe
- •3. Sum up what you have learned about business schools in Europe.
- •1. Read text 2. Text 2. A Strong Customer Focus
- •2. Ask 10 questions to the text.
- •1. Read text 3. Text 3. A Marketing Orientation
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •Unit 2. The Marketing Concept
- •Text 1.
- •Is Marketing Research Important?
- •Text 2. Types of Research
- •Text 3.
- •Is Segmentation Necessary?
- •Text 4. The Process of Segmentation
- •Text 5. The Advantages of Segmentation
- •Text 6. Market Positioning
- •1. Any product or service occupy a unique position in the market by … .
- •2. Products similar in all important respects are called … because … .
- •Text 7. Why Does Re-positioning Occur?
- •Unit 3. The Marketing Process
- •Text 1. The Marketing Planning Process
- •1. Read text 2. Text 2. The Marketing Mix
- •2. Ask 10 questions to the text.
- •3. Summarize the content of the text.
- •1. Read text 3. Text 3. What Is a Product?
- •2. Speak on different types of products.
- •Text 4. The Process of New Product Development
- •1. Read text 5 and speak on the product development. Text 5. Phases of New Product Development
- •2. Compare the information of texts 4 and 5 and say which of them provides more details. Using the texts suggest your own description of new product development.
- •1. Read text 6. Text 6. A Typical Product Life Cycle
- •2. Ask 10 questions on the text.
- •1. Read text 7. Text 7. Setting the Right Price
- •2. Agree or disagree with the statements. Give your arguments.
- •1. Read text 8. Text 8. Marketing Environment
- •Marketing environment
- •2. Using the scheme speak on marketing mix and marketing environment. Glossary
- •Keys to the tests. Management.
- •Marketing
- •Список использованной литературы:
PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH
Министерство образования и науки РФ
Федеральное агентство по образованию
Орловский государственный институт экономики и торговли
Кафедра иностранных языков
Г.Г. Лепешкина
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Учебное пособие по дисциплине «Профессиональный английский язык»
для студентов экономических специальностей неязыковых вузов
Рекомендовано Учебно-методическим объединением
по образованию области лингвистики
Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации
для студентов экономических специальностей
О рел 2006 г.
ББК 81.432.121
УДК 811.111
Л 481
Учебное пособие подготовлено на кафедре иностранных языков ОрелГИЭТ.
Рецензенты: Крутских А.В., к. пед. н., доцент кафедры лингвистики и профессиональной коммуникации в области экономики
Рудакова Л.С., к.ф.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой англ. языка ОГУ
Нерушева Т.В., к.ф.н., доцент кафедры ин. языков ОрелГИЭТ
Одобрено редакционно-издательским советом Орловского государственного института экономики и торговли
Л. – Г.Г. Лепешкина. ПРОФЕССИОНАЛНЫЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Учебное пособие по английскому языку. – Орел: Издательство ОрелГИЭТ, 2006. – 185 с.
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов экономических специальностей неязыковых вузов и для тех, кому необходимо освоение специальной лексики для осуществления профессионального общения в сфере менеджмента и маркетинга.
Цель пособия – формирование навыков понимания, извлечения информации и реферирования аутентичных текстов.
ББК 81.432.121
© Лепешкина Г.Г., 2006 г.
© Орловский государственный институт экономики и торговли, 2006 г.
Предисловие
Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов экономических специальностей неязыковых вузов и составлено в соответствии с требованиями учебной программы неязыковых вузов.
Основная цель пособия – овладение терминологией в области менеджмента и маркетинга и ее практическое использование в рамках изучаемых дисциплин, а именно, формирование навыков чтения, понимания, извлечения информации, а также умения реферировать аутентичные печатные источники.
Пособие состоит из двух частей: часть 1 “Менеджмент” и часть 2 “Маркетинг”. Они построены по единому принципу. Каждая часть включает 3-4 раздела (Unit), которые представлены 2-4 текстами. Аутентичные тексты дают представление об основных понятиях в области менеджмента и маркетинга. Тексты обеих частей, в основном, предназначены для изучающего чтения, которое предусматривает полное и точное понимание содержащейся в тексте информации и ее критическое осмысление. Объектом изучения при этом виде чтения является информация, поэтому предлагаемые тексты имеют познавательную ценность и информационную значимость. Поисковое чтение используется как упражнение и является сопутствующим компонентом при развитии других видов чтения.
Тексты снабжены вокабуляром и развернутой системой упражнений. Словарь к тексту включает терминологическую лексику, а также слова и выражения, которые могут быть не знакомы студентам. В словаре дается то значение слова, в котором оно употреблено в тексте. Все слова и выражения даны в алфавитном порядке, однокоренные слова сгруппированы, глаголы даны с соответствующими предлогами.
Все упражнения основаны на текстах и имеют целью закрепить их лексику до уровня активного использования в процессе многократных повторений. К каждому тексту составлена система упражнений для предтекстового, текстового и послетекстового этапов.
Так для предтекстового этапа предлагаются упражнения на узнавание слова по формальному признаку, по семантическому признаку; на различение грамматических явлений и подстановочные упражнения.
Для текстового этапа предназначены упражнения на перефразирование, цитирование, на реконструкцию текста и на обобщение материала.
Послетекстовый этап представлен упражнениями на выявление темы текста и на передачу его содержания.
В конце каждого раздела (Unit) даются задания на обобщение информации по теме на основе нескольких источников информации (текстов).
Каждая часть завершается тестом множественного выбора, который позволит контролировать усвоение лексики.
Кроме того, имеются дополнительные тексты по темам «Менеджмент» и «Маркетинг», которые дополняют информацию основных частей и представляют примеры для иллюстрации отдельных теоретических положений. Дополнительные тексты могут быть использованы как для самостоятельной работы так и в качестве материала для контрольных заданий. Они снабжены 2-3 упражнениями, которые будут полезны при самостоятельной работе.
В конце пособия дается англо-английский глоссарий, необходимый при чтении текстов по менеджменту и маркетингу.
Данное учебное пособие может быть использовано и всеми теми, кому необходимо освоение специальной лексики для осуществления профессионального общения в сфере менеджмента и маркетинга.
Автор.
Contents:
Предисловие 4
Part I. 10
MANAGEMENT 10
UNIT 1. Early Management Thought and the Definition of Management. 10
Text A. 10
Definition of Management 10
Text B. 15
Management 15
Text C. 20
Early Management Thought 20
UNIT 2. Foundation of Modern Management 23
Text A. 23
Foundation of Modern Management 23
Text B. 24
Scientific Management 24
Text C. 29
Administrative Management. 29
Text D. 33
Human Behavior 33
UNIT 3. Management as a Matter of Fact. 35
Text A. 36
Management as an Art, a Science and a Profession. 36
UNIT 4. Management Functions and Management Skills. 48
Text A. 48
Management Functions 48
Organizing and staffing the structure. Organizing is the process of assigning duties to personnel and coordinating employee efforts in order to ensure maximum efficiency. Organizing is a natural outgrowth of planning and decision-making. Once the organization knows what goals it wants to achieve, it can organize to achieve them. 48
Controlling Organizational Operations and Resources. The controlling process consists of three steps: (1) establishment of standards, (2) comparison of results against standards, and (3) correction of deviations. Every organization needs to control both operations and people. 49
Organizing and staffing the structure. 55
Text B. 57
Types of Managers 57
Text C. 61
Management Skills 61
Test yourself. 66
Management 66
Part II. 69
MARKETING 69
UNIT 1. The Evolving Discipline of Marketing 70
Text A. 70
Marketing 70
Text B. 74
The Evolving Discipline of Marketing 74
Text C. 79
The Higher Purpose of Marketing 79
UNIT 2. The Marketing Concept 83
Text A. 84
The Marketing Concept 84
11. Answer the questions. 90
1. Read and translate the text “Marketing Concept in Practice” 92
Text B. 92
Marketing Concept in Practice. 92
UNIT 3. The Marketing Process 103
Text A. 103
The Marketing Process. Strategic Marketing Analysis 103
Text B. 107
Marketing-mix Planning 107
Text C. 114
A Product and Price 114
Text D. 119
Pricing Objectives 119
Text E. 122
Product Life Cycle 122
Test yourself. 129
Marketing 129
Supplementary Texts 132
Part I. Management 132
Unit 1. Early Management Thought and the Definition of Management 132
Text 1. 132
Henry Ford Puts Pioneering Ideas to Work 132
Unit 2. Foundation of Modern Management 133
Text 1. 134
The Birth of Management Ideas 134
Unit 3. Management as a Matter of Fact 135
Text 1. 135
Human Resource Management 135
Text 2. 136
The Scope of Management. 136
Management in Profit-Seeking Organizations 136
Text 3. 137
The Nature of Organization Structure 137
Text 4. 139
Job Design 139
Unit 4. Management Functions and Management Skills 140
Text 1. 140
Strategic Management 140
Text 2. 141
Decision Making 141
Text 3. 142
Motivation 142
Leadership and the Organizational Life Cycle 143
Text 5. 144
Leadership 144
Text 6. 145
Controlling 145
Text 7. 146
Acquiring Management Skills 146
Management Education in Europe 148
Part II. Marketing 149
Unit 1. The Evolving Discipline of Marketing 149
Text 1. 150
The Marketing Effort 150
Text 2. 150
A Strong Customer Focus 150
Text 3. 152
A Marketing Orientation 152
Unit 2. The Marketing Concept 153
Text 1. 153
Is Marketing Research Important? 153
Text 2. 154
Types of Research 154
Is Segmentation Necessary? 156
Text 4. 158
The Process of Segmentation 158
Text 5. 159
The Advantages of Segmentation 159
Text 6. 160
Market Positioning 160
Text 7. 160
Why Does Re-positioning Occur? 160
Unit 3. The Marketing Process 161
Text 1. 161
The Marketing Planning Process 161
Text 2. 163
The Marketing Mix 163
Text 3. 165
What Is a Product? 165
Text 4. 166
The Process of New Product Development 166
Text 5. 169
Phases of New Product Development 169
Text 6. 170
A Typical Product Life Cycle 170
Text 7. 172
Setting the Right Price 172
Text 8. 173
Marketing Environment 173
Glossary 174
Keys to the tests. 185
Список использованной литературы: 186
Part I.
MANAGEMENT
UNIT 1. Early Management Thought and the Definition of Management.