§ 27. Geography of the economy of the northern kazakhstan

Agriculture. Leading branch of agriculture of Northern Kazakhstan is agriculture. Northern Kazakhstan gives 78 % of a crop of wheat received in the country (it makes 30 % of an annual yield of wheat in the USA).

The most part of crops of spring wheat is in forest-steppe ­ and steppe zones of the North Kazakhstan, Kostanai, Akmola areas, at northern coast of Ertis in the Pavlodar ­ area. Grain claster ­is formed in Kostanai, Akmola area of the Northern Kazakhstan. In the central part of area­, in the south of Kostanai, Akmola area, in the west of the Pavlodar ­ area the millet which is drought-resistant ­ culture (40 % of sowing grounds of republic), from other kinds grain - oats, barley, a winter rye, buckwheat, from forage crops ­ - corn and long-term grasses (24 % of areas under crops) are grown up­­.

In agriculture of the Northern Kazakhstan the share of commercial crops ­(in comparison with the East and Southern Kazakhstan­) is small­­. Basically the sunflower, flax, mustard, etc are grown up. 20 % of the sunflower cultivated in republic is grown up on the Pavlodar area. In the Ertis valley there are stock beet crops. In valleys of the rivers Ertis, Ishim, Tobol, Ubagan and in residential suburbs vegetables, a potato, melon and gourds cultures are grown up.

The second major branch of agriculture are the animal industries in which forage reserve natural ­ forages prevail­. In comparison with other areas of the country in the Northern ­ Kazakhstan the role of meat-and-milk and dairy-meat animal industries, and also sheep breeding is considerable. An environment ­ of forest-steppe and steppe zones of Kostanai and the North Kazakhstan ­ areas are favorable for horned cattle development­. Breed of red steppe cow of a dairy ­ direction, in the south - the Kazakh white-headed cow of meat direction are planted here­. Meat-and-milk claster will be generated in Kostanai, the North Kazakhstan and Akmola areas. Sheep breeding ­ is developed in the south of the Pavlodar, Kostanai areas, especially in Turgai and Akmola, thus in the south basically breed edilbai sheep direction meat-grease, in the north - breed thin fleece sheep are planted.

The big distribution to economic region has received horse breeding-1/3 a part of all livestock of horses of republic (mainly Kazakh ­ breed). In agricultural areas of Kostanai­, the North Kazakhstan and Akmola areas ­pig breeding and poultry farming are developed.

The food-processing industry of Northern Kazakhstan is specialized on meat, dairy, churn, flour-grinding branches.

On meat-packing plants in Petropavl, Ekibastuz, Rudnui, Zhitikara make canned meat, food fats and other production. The largest is the Petropavl meat-packing plant.

Dairy and churn branches make butter, cheese, brynza, dried milk, etc.

The role of the flour-grinding industry has increased in economic region­. The flour-grinding industrial complexes located in Astana, Petropavl­, Kokshetau, Pavlodar, Kostanai make high-quality ­ flour, groats, mixed fodders and etc.

Light industry is engaged in processing of agricultural ­ raw materials. The developed branches are sewing and shoe (the regional centres and some rural settlements). Tanning plants are in Petropavl, Pavlodar, shoe and garment factories in Astana, Kostanai, Pavlodar, Petropavlov, in Kostanai - industrial complex artificial stapel fibres, working on imported raw materials.

The heavy industry. Long since formation and industry development in the Northern Kazakhstan have been connected with processing ­ of agricultural raw materials. The heavy industry has started ­ to develop only after 60th years. Now the ­ mining industry which is engaged in mining operations has great value­. On the basis of Kostanai iron ore Sokolov-Sarbai, Lisakov and Kashar mountain-concentrating industrial complexes operate. Concentrates which make ­ these industrial complexes, provide the Karaganda, Central ­ and South Ural industrial complexes of ferrous metallurgy.

In Ekibastuz, Maikobe and Turgai pools, on deposits of Ubagan, Kushmurun extract stone and brown coal. Ekibastuz coal is consumed by more than 20 TPS of Kazakhstan and areas of Ural Mountains and Western Siberia in Russia.

Arkalyk bauxites are delivered on the Pavlodar aluminous ­ factory on manufacture aluminium oxide.

In Aksu of the Pavlodar area ferro-alloy factory works which, combining manganous and chromite ores of the Central ­ and Western Kazakhstan with imported Ural quartzite makes qualitative steel.

The mechanical engineering basis is made by manufacture of agricultural ­ cars. Factories "Astanaselmash", "Kazahselmash" located in Astana, make grain moving machines, haymaking machines ­ and the technics used in works on prevention ­ of soil erosion. The tractor factory and factory on oil refining work in Pavlodar, the bulldozer factory work in Kalkaman, in Makinsk - automobile see ­ and the factory on release of spare parts for tractors, the equipment for ferrous metallurgy is made in Petropavl, oxygen-respiratory devices and scales are made in Kokshetau.

Raw-material base for development of the chemical industry are Maikobe brown coal and the salts extracted in vicinities ­ of Pavlodar.

In the Northern Kazakhstan there are large supplies of building materials (stone, sand, clay, limestone). In Shchuchinsk and Atbasar there are stone open-cast mines; the Zhitikara asbestine ­ industrial complex on the basis of local raw materials makes asbestine pipes, slate, plates and other production. In Kostanai and Astana factories of silicate brick and ferro-concrete designs work­, in Astana the faience factory operates.

The basis of electric power industry of the Northern Kazakhstan is made by the thermal power stations located in Petropavl, Kostanai, Astana, Rudnyi, Ekibastuz and Pavlodar. Ekibastuz state district power stations-1 and state district power station-2, everyone capacity on 4 million in kw-h, Aksu power station ­(capacity of 2,4 million in kw-h), and also Pavlodar TPS supply with the electric power as the North Kazakhstan, and other regions.

Transport complex. In an economy of economic region great value have the Central-Siberian railway in the latitude direction and Transkazakhstan in the meridian direction­. From these basic highways there are branches in internal sites of area. On the railways of the latitude directions on which the Kuzbass and Karaganda ­ coal is transported­, have the most volume goods traffics. The cargoes which are taken out from economic region, more than imported. The most part ­ of the cargoes transported on territory of economic region is transit.

By rail, carrying out inner region ­ intereconomic communications and to components of 80 % of a turnover of goods­, bread, oil products, iron ore, coal, building materials, subjects of national consumption are forwarded.

The great value in the Northern Kazakhstan is given to automobile transport ­(20 % of transported cargoes).

In transport communications of area the important place occupies Ertis on which are carried out passenger and cargo transportation ­(building materials, bread, salt, oil products).