- •Introduction
- •§ 1. Economic-isographic position of kazakhstan
- •§ 2. The environment and resources of kazakhstan
- •§ 3. The population and density of population
- •§ 4. The labour resource
- •§ 5. The general characteristic of the economy
- •§ 6. Fuel industry
- •§ 7. Electric power industry
- •§ 8. Ferrous metallurgy
- •§ 9. Nonferrous metallurgy
- •§ 10. The machine-building complex
- •§11. The chemical industry
- •§ 12. The industry of building materials
- •§ 13. Agroindustrial complex. Agriculture. Plant growing of kazakhstan
- •§14. Kazakhstan - large cattle-breeding area
- •§ 15. The food-processing industry
- •§ 16. Light industry
- •Branches of the social infrastructure
- •§ 17. Railway and automobile transport
- •§ 18. River and sea, air, pipeline transport
- •§ 19. Economic division into districts of kazakhstan
- •§ 20. The central kazakhstan
- •§ 21. Geography of the economy of the central kazakhstan
- •§ 22. The east kazakhstan
- •§ 23. Geography of the economy of the east kazakhstan
- •§ 24. The western kazakhstan
- •§ 25. Geography of the economy of the western kazakhstan
- •§ 26. The northern kazakhstan
- •§ 27. Geography of the economy of the northern kazakhstan
- •§ 28. The southern kazakhstan
- •§ 29. Geography of the economy of the southern kazakhstan
- •§ 30. Geopolitical position of kazakhstan on the world map. Occurrence of kazakhstan in the united nations. The international economic relations
- •§ 31. Economic relations of kazakhstan with the countries of near and far abroad
- •§ 32. Kazakhstan in system of the international organizations and
- •Integration
- •§ 33. Society and nature interaction
§ 22. The east kazakhstan
The East Kazakhstan area.
Territory - 283,2 thousand km2.
The population - 1417,8 thousand persons.
The East Kazakhstan is the main manufacturer of the hydroelectric power in republic. The agriculture includes the developed agriculture with branches on raw materials processing. On an economic region share 10 % of territory, 12 % of the population, 18 % of an industrial output, 13 % of agricultural production of Kazakhstan is necessary.
Economic-geographical position. An environment and natural resources. The East Kazakhstan is located in headwaters of the river Ertis. On the occupied area it is the smallest economic region of the country.
As a whole the geographical position, an environment and natural resources of the East Kazakhstan are favorable for development and diversified agriculture placing. The East Kazakhstan on the variety of the environment concedes only to the republic south and on riches of ground bowels is flush with stocks of minerals of the Ural Mountains.
The river Narym divides Altai on Ore and Southern. Ore Altai takes a leading place on the variety of kinds and stocks of polymetallic ores. Mountain pastures of slopes of Altai, Tarbagatai and flat pastures lengthways of Ertis are the major agricultural grounds of the country. Abundance of the atmospheric precipitation creates favorable conditions for development of not irrigated agriculture on chernozems and yellow soils along Ertis. The river, crossing territory of area from the southeast on the northwest, connects various sites of the East Kazakhstan with the Northern Kazakhstan and oil and gas areas of the Western Siberia in Russia.
If in the Central Kazakhstan the steppe zone occupies only northern suburb, and the territory most part - deserted and semidesertic zones small territory of the East Kazakhstan the Altai, Saur-Tarbagatai mountains with eternal glaciers at tops occupy, the Kalby mountain ridge of average height, shallow hilly plains, wide intermountain hollows, extensive plains in valleys of the rivers.
Mountains of the East Kazakhstan are in the zone of the western and southwest winds bearing the atmospheric moisture, therefore here 600 mm of deposits, in mountains - 1000 mm, and on high slopes of Altai - over 1500 mm of deposits a year annually drop out. In flat, especially southern and southeast parts of area, deposits are not enough, about 200-250 mm a year. Natural-environmental conditions of the East Kazakhstan, in particular, black and brown soils with the moisture enough, convenient pastures are favorable for agriculture development. In droughty southeast steppe areas and in the Zajsan hollow the atmospheric moisture are not enough, agriculture here demands an artificial irrigation.
The East Kazakhstan has large supplies of minerals. Among regions of the East Kazakhstan Ore Altai is allocated which basic riches is the polymetallic ore extracted here since XVIII century. On Ore Altai there are Ridder, Zyrjanov, Belousov, Tishinsky, Verhne-Berezovsk, Bystrushinsky, Andreev deposits of polymetals. The district name - Ore Altai - is given because of presence of large supplies of colour and rare metals. Except polymetals here there is gold, silver, cadmium, antimony, iron, sulphur, molybdenum, bismuth, thallium, selenium, tellurium, mercury and other metals. On Southern Altai and the Kalby Mountain ridge there are deposits of tin, tungsten, vanadium.
In economic region territory 26,1 % of the general state balance stock of lead, 45,8 % - zinc, 47,9 % - copper, 52,2 % - gold, 37,1 % - the titan, 59 % - tantalic ore are concentrated. The East Kazakhstan is one of the regions of the world richest with ores.
In vicinities of Semei gold is extracted. Gold deposits in Bakyrshik, Boko and October are known also.
The coal-field and slate are met in the south of area near Zaisan, in Kenderlyk. In territory of the former Semipalatinsk range openly coal deposit of Karazhyra which is at present in a development stage. Coal extracted here should provide requirements of all the East Kazakhstan.
The basic riches of economic region are hydropower resources (50 % of all stocks of republic). They are Narym, Ertis, and its inflows Ulba, Buhtyrma and Kurchum. The rivers which originate in mountains differ with the rapid current and as much as possible approach for water-power engineering development.
In area territory there are fresh lakes: Zaisan, Markakol, Alakol and Sasykkol. They are vacation spots, their waters are used in the industry and agriculture. In lakes live more than 20 kinds of fishes: a sturgeon, a sterlet, a salmon trout, a wild carp, an ide, a bream, a perch, a pike, etc. At height of 1449 m the most beautiful lake Markakol by the area 449 м2 and depth to 30 m is located. Near to it the lake Rahmanovo is located which water on structure is identical to waters of Tshaltubo in Georgia and Belokurikha in the Western Siberia. In mountain hollows of the East Kazakhstan lakes are deep and fresh, and in the northwest - salty and small. Some lakes are mineral.
The population. The East Kazakhstan on population is on last place among five economic region of Kazakhstan; however economic region cities are densely populated. Average population density is more than 5 persons on 1 km2.
In densely populated districts, in northwest parts of Ore Altai and valleys where industrial centres are concentrated, in areas Saryarka, to the west from the Turkestan-Siberian railway, on chernozems of Belagash steppe with environmental conditions convenient for agriculture population density exceeds 15 persons on 1 km2. Along the railway on the site Predgornoe - Ust Kamenogorsk and along Ertis population density reaches 40-65 persons on 1 km2. The most densely populated villages settle down in Belagash steppe and at bottom of mountains of Southern Altai while in area Tarbagatai and in the Zajsan hollow on 1 km2 it is necessary 2-4 persons.
In the north, the west and the southeast where the agriculture is developed, the agricultural populations prevail, and in the east foothill areas with the developed heavy industry townspeople live basically.
In economic region there are 9 cities, 24 settlements of city type.