§ 21. Geography of the economy of the central kazakhstan

The central Kazakhstan is one of large industrial ­ regions of republic with prevalence of branches of the heavy industry. In economic region ferrous metallurgy­, the ­ iron ore industry, mechanical engineering and the chemical ­ industry are developed. In Karaganda the factory of heavy mechanical engineering which is letting out the equipment for mines, self-propelled combines and cranes, the electropower equipment operates. Production of this factory supplies coal giants of republic.

Among objects of light industry it is possible to name the Karaganda ­ shoe factory, the enterprises for release knitted­, sewing, furniture and stocking products.

From objects of the food-processing industry in area operate meat-processing, flour-grinding industrial complexes, confectionery factory, wine, alcoholic beverage, brandy, beer factories in Karaganda, Balkhash fish factory.

Fuel and energy complex. The Karaganda coal basin is important fuel base of Kazakhstan. Coked coal ­ is extracted here in the mine way. In the Karaganda ­ coal basin 60 mines, two large coal cuts function.

The economic region power is based on local coal. The largest thermal power stations using coal are Abai, Karaganda and Temirtau. In connection with ­ development of various industries the Ekibastuz-Karaganda transmission line is constructed.

Ferrous metallurgy. The region is the centre of ferrous metallurgy ­ of republican value.

And coke chemical ­ economic region manufactures ­ promote development of ferrous metallurgy fossil resources of Northern Kazakhstan: Atasu, Sokolov-Sarbai, Ajat, Lisakov, Kashar deposits.

In Temirtau the factory of a full cycle on release of products ­ of ferrous metallurgy operates­.

Nonferrous metallurgy. The central Kazakhstan has large stocks of nonferrous metals that have affected intensive ­ development of nonferrous metallurgy. Branches ­ on extraction of copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum and other metals have great value­. Copper ore is extracted in vicinities of Zhezkazgan and Balkhash. Here are available ore concentrating industrial complexes ­ where are carried out ore processing, enrichment and copper clearing, hire of metals.

The lead-zinc extracting ­ enterprises available in economic region ­ are grouped in production association ­"Saryarkapolymetal".

The tungsten-molibdenum industry includes extracting and concentrating branches. Mining manufacturing enterprises ­ are located in Akzhol, Akshatau and Top Kajrakty.

Last years development of deposits of precious metals has begun­. On the basis Shashubai ores work the enterprises ­ of republican production association "Kazaltyn".

The chemical industry is closely connected with ferrous metallurgy ­ and the coal industry. At copper factories ­ gases which are raw materials for the chemical industry accumulate­­. In metallurgical shop at concentrate roasting it is allocated ­sulfur dioxide (S0₂) from which receive sulfuric acid.

The enterprises chemical industries of the Central Kazakhstan ­ let out synthetic rubber (Temirtau), sulfuric acid (Balkhash), rubber technical products (Saran), nitric acid.

Agriculture. Development of agriculture of the Central ­ Kazakhstan the droughty climate, an insufficient quantity of water, non-fertility of soils constrain. The majority of farmlands ­ are natural pastures. The main branches of agriculture are irrigated grain husbandries, meat and dairy animal industries.

Animal industries are the most ancient specialised branch of agriculture. In the Central Kazakhstan plant meat-grease edilbai breed of sheep adapted for a severe ­ local climate. In agricultural economy in the north of area horned cattle is planted. The extensive pasturable earths are used for cultivation of horses.

Mainstreams of an agricultural economy are cultivation ­ of spring wheat, drought-resistant corn, sunflower, a potato and maintenance with animal industries forages.

Transport complex. On region territory automobile ­ and the railways pass. Transport carries out a main role in development of economy of area and renders a great influence on specialisation, and also complex development of an economy.

For economic region huge value has motor transport ­ in view of extensiveness of territory and an arrangement ­ of settlements on considerable distance from each other. From highways the most important are Karaganda - Temirtau, Karaganda - Balkhash, Karaganda - Balkhash - Almaty.

For communication of the Central Kazakhstan with other economic region the ­ great value has railway transportation. The basic trunk-railways are Astana - Karaganda - Mojynty - Shu; Mojynty - Balkhash - Sajak - Aktogai; Zharyk - Zhezkazgan; Atasu - Karazhal on which the ­ industrial output is transported­. Territory of the Central ­ Kazakhstan the Transcontinental railway crosses ­ in the extent of 1205 km which begins from Petropavl­, passes through Karaganda and Balkhash, and then joins ­ Turksib. To the west the ­ railway branch connecting Zhezkazgan industrial ­ knot with Karaganda and Balkhash departs from the basic highway­­. In the west the highway ­ reaches for Magnitogorsk, in the east - to Pavlodar and further incorporates to the South Siberian railway leaving ­ to Kuzbas.