§ 19. Economic division into districts of kazakhstan

As economic division into districts is called allocation of system of the interconnected economic region of the country reflecting developed territorial division of labour.

Economic division into districts has great value at planning ­ of an economy of the country in whole and its separate branches, at definition of prospects of their development. At division into districts specialisation of economy of economic region and internal ­ unity of industrial complexes undertake a basis­.

Specialisation - release by the enterprises of homogeneous production. Specialisation promotes increase in production and increase of its quality, labour productivity growth.

Economic region is the separate part of the country generated ­ as a result of territorial division of labour and different ­ on specialisation and complex development of an economy.

Into territorial distribution of work enter: export in other countries and areas of the superfluous production made in the country or area, and reception from other areas or the countries of missing ­ production. For example, Kazakhstan delivers in other countries ­ oil, coal, black and nonferrous metals, grain, wool and so forth, and receives cars, the various equipment, gas, light industry products.

For the first time in problems of economic division into districts began to be engaged ­ in Russia.

Even before revolution, in the end of XIX - the beginning of XX century, various regions of Kazakhstan differed from each other territorial division ­ of managing. At that time on all territory of Kazakhstan the ­ nomadic cattle breeding, in northern steppe areas ­ - grain culture, meat-and-milk cattle breeding, in the south - irrigated ­ agriculture, gardening and vegetable growing, in the Central, Western ­ and East Kazakhstan - the mining industry has been developed­­­.

In days of the Soviet power thanks to transport development territorial division of labour became even more appreciable; ­ specialisation of separate kinds of an economy of the country was outlined­. As a result of ­ favourable placing of productive forces in territory of the country there were internal economic-geographical distinctions that has led to formation in republic of economic region.

Known scientist N.N.Baransky has allocated five intrarepublican economic region for territories of Kazakhstan: the Central Kazakhstan, the East Kazakhstan, the Western Kazakhstan­, Northern Kazakhstan, Southern Kazakhstan. Each economic region, uniting some areas, forms in their territory three groups of branches of an economy: specialised­, auxiliary, serving.

The specialised branch makes the greatest part of an economy ­ and area production. In each area ­ specialised branches are generated some ­ and their complex development is conducted­. For example, in the East Kazakhstan specialised branches ­ are nonferrous metallurgy and hydroelectric power industry.

Auxiliary industries provide perfection of specialised ­ branches and their further development, for example, supply by the electric power of the Central Kazakhstan ­ which specialisation ­ is iron and steel industry.

The satisfaction of needs of the population of each area concerns service branch.

At economic division into districts of Kazakhstan are guided ­ by principles economic and country political-administrative division.