§ 15. The food-processing industry

The food-processing industry urged to satisfy population basic needs in the major foodstuff. Meat, flour-grinding, groats, sugar, fish, confectionery, winemaking and other branches of the food-processing industry are developed in our ­ country. Foodstuff makes 90 % of food ­ stocks of the country.

The food-processing industry of Kazakhstan is equipped by modern technics and equipments. Processing of agricultural ­ raw materials in production of long storage, the big capacities of refrigerators of the food enterprises provide constant uniform supply of the market by the foodstuffs. ­ Branch production wastes ­ are used both in agriculture, and in other industries.

The food-processing industry raw-material base by kinds and character of use is subdivided into following groups: plant breeding, cattle-breeding and industrial raw materials (extraction of salt, mineral water, sea products, fishery).

Raw sources and consumers are the major factors ­ influencing an arrangement of branches of the food-processing industry­. On degree of influence of these factors the food-processing industry ­ is subdivided into three branches located:

1. Close to raw sources (sugar, spirit, churn, manufacturing of dairy canned food, syrup-starched, etc.);

2. Close to consumption areas (baking, brewing­, dairy, macaroni, confectionery, etc.);

3. Close both to raw materials sources, and to consumers (meat­, flour-grinding, winemaking etc.).

Branches of processing of agricultural raw materials take place ­ more close to raw materials sources, and the enterprises for finished goods manufacture - near the consumption centres. An example of territorial ­ division of technological processes is tea ­ manufacture.

The meat industry is the largest branch of the food-processing industry­, a component of food production of 1/4 all volumes­. The branch role is defined by value of meat products - the basic source of high-quality animal protein and other ­ animal components. Growth of consumption of meat products in the country is one of indicators of increase of the standard of life of the population. In 2008 indicators of consumption of meat and meat products ­ have per capita made of 40,9 kg in Kazakhstan.

Now meat products develop on the meat-packing plants ­ equipped with the modern equipment.

On the meat-packing plants close to raw sources­, develop suitable production for transportation (canned meat­, smoked and half-smoked sausages and etc.). Such meat-packing plants are located in Semei, Petropavlov, Ural, Almaty and Kyzylorda. On the meat-packing plants which are near to consumers make basically perishable food (the frozen meat, poultry food, boiled sausages, etc.).

Development of meat branch in all economic region of Kazakhstan is explained by uniform distribution of branches of animal industries on all territory. The basic areas on release of meat production are the North Kazakhstan, South Kazakhstan and East Kazakhstan areas. Semei meat-packing plant is the largest centre of the meat industry of the country. Over 100 kinds of half-finished products and finished goods are made here.

Creation meat is based on necessity of development of industrial processing of meat, development of new kinds of meat production, creation of manufactures of long-term storage of meat products.

The flour milling-groats industry covers processes of manufacturing bakery and pasta. The average index ­ of consumption of grain products in the country makes 120,0 kg per capita.

Transportation of grain is much more economic than flour transportation, therefore at placing of objects of flour milling-groats industry the most important factor is their placing near to raw materials sources. The flour-grinding industry is widely presented ­ in the grain and industrially developed areas of the country - Northern, Southern and East Kazakhstan. Maintenance of republic ­ with flour is carried out basically by flour-grinding industrial complexes of Akmola, Zhambyl, Kapshagai, Kostanai areas.

The enterprises which are letting out pasta are located in Almaty, Karaganda, Shymkent and Semei.

Now for the purpose of development of branches of the food-processing industry ­ Kazakhstan has concluded contracts with foreign countries ­ about purchase of modern technologies, minifactories and other equipment. For example, the Aktobe macaroni factory is modernised and equipped ­ by the new Italian equipment.

Sugar industry. Sugar is one of the major foodstuffs; its manufacture in 2008 has made about 392 thousand t. An indicator of consumption of sugar is 20,4 kg per capita.

Sugar industry is developed in the south of Kazakhstan, in areas ­ where a sugar beet is grown up.

At placing of branches of sugar industry the important role is played by the factor of their close arrangement to raw materials sources. A sugar beet cannot be stored and transported long on a long distance as it reduces its sugar content. Sugar industry ­ is the branch making production ­ with loss of weight: for manufacture 1 t granulated sugar it is required ­ 6-9 t a sugar beet.

In republic some sugar factories work which are located in Zhambyl and Almaty areas. Boraldai, Zhambyl, Shu, Merke, Karabulak and Alakol sugar factories make refined sugar. These enterprises ­ process not only a beet grown up in our country, but also imported sugar raw materials as domestic ­ sugar products cannot satisfy demand of the population completely. The sugar cane is imported to Kazakhstan from Brazil, Argentina and Australia.

The branch on manufacture of dairy products covers processes ­ of manufacturing dairy, churn, cheese-making products­. Milk manufacture in all categories of an economy, on the statistical given 2008, made 5198,0 thousand tт, a mid-annual ­ yield of milk of milk from one cow - 2144 kg. Dairy factories ­ and industrial complexes on manufacture of milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, kefir and yeast are concentrated in all economic region and country industrial centres as dairy products concern to perishable and to transport them on far distances it is impossible. For the purpose of fast maintenance of urban population ­ with dairy products in cities dairy ­ factories (Almaty, Karaganda, Kostanai, Pavlodar, Shymkent) function­.

Churn and cheese-making industries are located ­ in areas of the Northern, Central and Southern Kazakhstan ­ where plant large dairy cattle. Kokshetau, Kostanai, Almaty dairy industrial complexes make 75 % of all dairy production made in the country. Development in dairy branch is favoured a way by the generated ­ potential conditions. Separate elements of dairy in republic already function. Expansion of manufacture of competitive dairy production is possible only in conditions ­ when all elements and integration between them will develop and become stronger.

Primary direction of development dairy claster, first of all, is manufacture of a tinned food ­ of children, dietary production of long-term storage. Formation of claster constrains import of dairy production from other countries. In Kostanai, North Kazakhstan, Akmola, and in the south in Almaty, Zhambyl and South Kazakhstan areas natural-environmental conditions ­ of district and animal industries forage reserve ­ provide a sustainable development of claster. High quality production of Kokshetau butter manufacturing possesses. The big development in the country has received manufacture margarine, and also the vegetable oils received from sunflower and cotton ­ cultures. In Ust Kamenogorsk and Shymkent industrial complexes on manufacturing and clearing of vegetable oils operate. Sunflower-seed oil ­ basically is delivered by the East Kazakhstan and Pavlodar areas. Now in country settlements there is a set of the small enterprises for ­ vegetable oil manufacture­, however quality of a product let out by them much more below made on the specialised enterprises.

For reception of margarine oils as raw materials use ­ vegetative both animal oil and milk. Requirements of the population ­ of republic for this production provides Almaty margarine factory.

Fishing industry includes fishery and processing of fish. It is concentrated in the Atyrau area located ­ at northern coast of the Caspian Sea. The basic fish processing enterprises are Atyrau, Bautinsk, Balykshy, Zajsan and Balkhash. Atyrau and Balkhash ­ fish-canning factories provide the country population with fish products. Because of water level decrease in the Aral Sea Moinak and the Aral enterprises do not work now.

The republican program on maintenance of the population with the foodstuffs ­ in which value of fish products is considered; plans increase in catching fish and expansion of assortment of production made from it.

In Kazakhstan additional branches of the food ­ industry - tobacco, confectionery manufactures, winemaking develop also­­. The Karaganda confectionery factory, factories "Rakhat" (Almaty), "The Bayan Sulu" (Kostanai), equipped with modern automatic transfer lines, completely provide the country population ­ with various kinds of confectionery.

In Almaty and South Kazakhstan areas where considerable quantity of grapes is grown up­, operate winemaking factories.

Formation main objective of claster on wine growing - increase ­ in volume of production of industrial processing of grapes. In Almaty, South Kazakhstan areas and Almaty are available winemaking factories. More than 78 % of manufacture of wines are necessary on the share of Almaty - 11 factories work here.

The republican program on restoration and development of wine growing ­ and manufacture of wines operates till 2010. It provides ­ restoration of a strip of vineyards to level of 1998. Especial ­ attention is given to the South Kazakhstan area possessing ­ in huge potential of capacities.

In the country manufacture on pouring of mineral and spring waters, various juice and tonics extends.

The Almaty tobacco industrial complex which uses ­ yellow tobacco grown up ­ in Almaty area is the basic ­ enterprise of Kazakhstan for its processing. Since 1993 the industrial complex is under control of the American firm "Filip Morris­" which realises the program on tobacco cultivation ­ in Enbekshikazakh area of Almaty region.