Тема: Водний транспорт

Мета: навчити студентів правильно користуватися лексикою до теми; розвивати навички монологічного та діалогічного мовлення, навички послідовного перекладу; виховувати культуру мовлення.

Обладнання: роздруківки завдань до теми, підручник.

Час проведення: 2 години.

План заняття

І Організаційний момент. Привітання

II. Перевірка домашнього завдання.

ІІІ. Основна частина.

Domestic and ocean shipping

When sending goods by ship, the carrier is the shipping line. Like all other forms of transport, shipping has certain advantages and disadvantages for the consignor and consignee

It is the cheapest form of transport over longer distances. The ports of a country may be accessible even when foreigners aren't allowed into the country itself. Unlimited distances can be covered (e.g. between continents). Large quantities can be transported.

It is the slowest means of transport. It may be subject to delays and weather conditions. The network of inland waterways is relatively limited. It may be necessary to transport the goods a long distance to reach a port. The insurance costs are relatively high.

Domestic shipping

Domestic shipping runs on inland waterways such as rivers, lakes and canals. One important service provided by domestic shipping is the feeder service, which brings goods along inland waterways to the international quays where they can be loaded directly onto ocean-going ships for transportation abroad. This saves considerable time and effort compared with transporting goods to the port by road or rail and then bringing them to the quay for loading.

The transport document used specifically for domestic shipping is the river bill of lading (also called the inland waterways bill of lading).

Ocean shipping

The goods are transported on the open sea or ocean.

There are several types of sea-going ship which carry cargo:

• Liners sail on fixed routes and keep to a schedule. They mainly transport general cargo.

• Tramps take any cargo they can get and sail to any port required. They do not follow a schedule or any fixed route.

• Coasters travel from one port to another along the coast of a country. They are not used for inter­national shipping.

The transport document used specifically for ocean shipping is the ocean bill of lading.

liner

tramp

coaster

ocean bill of lading

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Заняття № 22

Тема: Автодорожній транспорт

Мета: навчити студентів правильно користуватися лексикою до теми; розвивати навички монологічного та діалогічного мовлення, навички послідовного перекладу; виховувати культуру мовлення.

Обладнання: роздруківки завдань до теми, підручник.

Час проведення: 2 години.

План заняття

І Організаційний момент. Привітання

II. Перевірка домашнього завдання.

ІІІ. Основна частина.

Читання тексту (пошукове)

Road transport

Goods which need careful handling, such as fruit, are often sent by road, as they only need to be loaded and unloaded once. Normally they are sent as general cargo. The carrier responsible for transporting goods by road is the haulage company.

Advantages and disadvantages of road transport

It is very fast over short distances.

The extensive road network means that most destinations can be reached.

It is relatively secure — even valuable items such as cash reserves can be transported by specialist companies

Door-to-door transportation minimises the need for handling — goods only have to be loaded and unloaded once

Only small quantities can be transported.

There is a relatively high risk of accidents and delays through traffic jams.

It is expensive and time-consuming over longer distances; intercontinental transportation is virtually impossible.

Another advantage of sending goods by road (although it is also possible with other means of transport) is the opportunity of using a grouped consignment service. If a trader only has a small quantity of cargo to send, he can collaborate with other sellers with small consignments all going to the same destination. The various part consignments are then sent together as one whole consignment, which reduces the transport costs for everybody involved. One of the people who organises grouped consignments is the forwarding agent. He is the intermediary between the buyer, seller and carriers

Other services which he provides are delivering goods from the seller to the carrier, transporting goods with his own lorries, arranging special packaging and providing storage space for goods which are to be dispatched at a later date.

The transport documents essential to road transport are the international consignment note (CMR) if a haulage company is used, and the Forwarding Agent's Certificate of Receipt (FCR) for transportation by a forwarding agent.

haulage company

grouped consignment

forwarding agent

intermediary

consignment note

Forwarding Agent's

Certificate of Receipt

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Заняття № 23