Perfect (Perfect Simple) Tenses - Совершенное время

Выражает действие, совершившееся к моменту речи в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени (имеется результат).

Present

Past

Future

Не has written the letter already.

have / has written

Has he already written the letter? He has not (hasn't) written the letter yet.

just; yet; already; ever;

never; by... o'clock; since

He had written the letter when the phone rang.

had written

Had he written the letter when the phone rang? He had not (hadn't) written the letter when ….

by ... o'clock; just; yet; already; by the end of the year; by this time

He will have written the letter by that time.

shall \will have written

Will he have written the letter by that time? He will not (won't) have written the letter by that time.

...by the end of the year; ...by tomorrow; before the classes begin

Выражает действие, начавшееся до момента речи о нем, длившееся в течение некоторого времени и продолжающееся в момент речи в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени (имеется результат).

Present

Past

Future

Не has been writing a letter for 2 hours.

have / has been writing

Has he been writing a letter for 2 hours?

He has not been writing a letter for 2 hours.

for 2 hours, for a month,

for the last two days,

since 5 o’clock

How long…? Since when..?

He had been writing the letter for 2 hours when the phone rang.

had been writing

Had he been writing the letter when the phone rang?

He had not been writing the letter when…

for 2 hours,

for a month,

for the last two days,

since 5 o’clock

He will have been writing the letter you come in the evening.

shall \will have been writing

Will he have been writing the letter you come in the evening? He will not have been writing the letter you come in the evening.

for 2 hours,

for a month,

since 5 o’clock

How long…? Since when..?

Indefinite

Continuous

Perfect

P

r

e

s

e

n

t

спрашивают

обычно, всегда, каждый день

am

is asked

are

спрашивают

сейчас, все ещё

am

is being asked

are

спрашивают

уже (результат)

have

been asked

has

P

a

s

t

спросили,

вчера, когда-то в прошлом

was

asked

were

спрашивали

когда я приехал

was

being asked

were

спросили, был спрошен

к тому моменту, уже

had been asked

F

u

t

u

r

e

спросят, будет спрошен

завтра

will be asked

вместо отсутствующей формы

Future Continuous

употребляется

Future Indefinite

спросят, будет спрошен

к тому моменту

will have been asked

be V₃

be being V₃

have been V₃

Обратите внимание на способы перевода пассивного залога!!!

Например, New houses are built in Moscow.

1. Новые дома строятся в Москве.

2. Новые дома построены в Москве.

3. Новые дома строят в Москве.