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Резунова М.В.-Пособие для заочного отделения.doc
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Эквиваленты модальных глаголов

CAN, MUST, MAY

Значение

Эквиваленты

can - могу, умею

be able to - мочь,

быть в состоянии

must - должен, обязан

нужно, необходимо

have toприходится, должен

be toдолжен по плану

may - могу, имею разрешение

be allowed to - иметь разрешение

Времена активного залога

Indefinite (Simple) Tenses - Неопределенное время

Употребляется для констатации общеизвестных фактов; обычных, регулярно повторяющихся и последовательных действий в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем.

Present

Past

Future

Не writes letters every week.

write \ writes

do \ does write

Does he write letters every week? He does not (doesn't) write letters every week.

today;

every day/ week/ year;

seldom; usually; sometimes;

at 7 o'clock

He wrote the letter yesterday.

wrote

did write

Did he write the letter yesterday?

He did not (didn't) write the letter yesterday.

yesterday;

last week/ month;

2, 3 days ago; a week ago,

2 years ago; in 1998

He will write the letter tomorrow.

shall \ will write

Will he write the letter tomorrow?

He will not (won't) write the letter tomorrow.

tomorrow;

next week/ year/ month;

in 2, 3 days; in future; in an hour;

in a moment in 2003

Continuous (Progressive) Tenses - Длительное время

Употребляется, если действие в процессе, в развитии, происходящее в определенный момент времени в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем.

Present

Past

Future

He is writing the letter now.

am \ is \ are writing

Is he writing the letter now?

He is not (isn't) writing the letter now.

...is always doing sth;

are constantly doing sth; ...ever now...; ...now; ... nowadays...; is just now...

He was writing the letter then.

was / were writing

Was he writing the letter then?

He was not (wasn't) writing the letter then.

from 9 to 11; when I came in, was (were) doing sth; was (were) doing sth. constantly; was still doing sth.

He will be writing the letter tomorrow.

shall \will be writing

Will he be writing the letter tomorrow after supper? He will not (won't) be writing the letter after supper.

...in the evening;

at 8 tomorrow;

at 8 on Friday; at 10 o'clock;

will still be doing sth.

to be

+

Participle I (причастие I)

в настоящем,

прошедшем,

будущем

времени

Ving