Вспомогательные глаголы to do, to be, to have, shall, will, should, would

Употребление

Формы

do

В отрицательных и вопросительных формах сказуемых в простом (неопределенном) времени.

do - настоящее простое

They speak English. – Do they speak English? –They do not speak English.

does - настоящее простое - 3 л. ед.ч.

He speaks English. – Does he speak English? –He does not speak English.

did - прошедшее простое

They (he) spoke English. - Did they (he) speak English? –They (he) did not speak English.

be

Для образования сложных глагольных форм:

-длительных времен (to be+V_ing)

-пассивного залога (to be + V₃).

am, is, are – для настоящих времен

He is reading a book. The book is read.

was, were – для прошедших времен

He was reading a book. The book was read.

shall be, will be – для будущих

The book will be read.

have

Для образования сложных глагольных форм совершенных времен

(to have + V₃)

have, has – для настоящих времен

He has read the book.

had – для прошедших времен

He had read the book, he said.

shall have, will have – для будущих

He will have read the book by the end of the week.

shall / will

Для образования сложных глагольных форм будущего времени

(shall / will+ V)

shall – для 1-го лица ед. и мн. ч.

I (we) shall read this book.

will - для 2-го и 3-го л. ед. и мн.ч.

You (he, she, they) will read this book.