4. Watch a video and guess what we are going to discuss now.
Video # 23
5. Read the text and answer the following questions. You can use your own experience.
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RW CONDITION
T
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hat
weather phenomena can influence RW condition?
here
are some hazardous weather phenomena which can seriously affect
RW condition. They are heavy precipitation, such as snow, rain
and freezing rain and sleet, changeable temperature, ice, etc.
Ice and snow can make braking and taxing difficult or impossible
if severe enough. Freezing rain might cause icing of an aircraft
and RW surface. It reduces braking action and might be the reason
for sliding off the RW or undercarriage problem which can lead to
a serious incident or accident.
L ook through the 3 characteristics of a rw and cross the odd out.
Characteristics of a RW:
1
The RW is |
slippery wet flooded sleepy damp covered with ... |
2
There is |
(freezing) slush standing water vehicle broken down a flock of birds lightning a disabled aircraft compacted snow drifting snow black ice |
on the RW |
NB! Black ice – is very dangerous because it’s invisible but RW is slippery.
3
There are |
water patches water pools snow patches sunlight patches icy patches/patches of ice ruts and ridges big birds people/workers |
on the RW |
NB! Some specific information:
* But foreign pilots can also require braking coefficient in case of cross wind and poor braking action.
NB! Other characteristics of a RW:
Rough / broken surface at the beginning of the RW.
Snow banks / drifts on the RW edges.
Snow removal / clearance at the stop-end of the RW.
Snow removal / maintenance work / construction work in progress.
Can the runway covered with ice be perfect for landing?
Watch a short video. Have you changed your opinion?
VIDEO # 24
Answer the following questions using your own experience:
D oes temperature influence flying?
How does low temperature affect flights?
How does high temperature affect flights?
What are the controller’s actions, if a pilot reports low fuel temperature?
Look at the table and check if you are right.
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At flight level |
Landing / take off |
High temperature |
High temperature reduces lifting power and an aircraft can’t reach a very high FL. An aircraft speed reduces as well and an aircraft can get to the destination with delays.
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It is dangerous because an aircraft needs more time to take off so the length of the RW is not enough and the aircraft might roll off the RW. Moreover lifting power reduces due to low air pressure so engines have to work harder and it might cause overheating. |
Low temperature |
Low temperature increases lifting power and an aircraft can reach a higher FL. Aircraft speed increases as well and an aircraft can get to the destination quicker. Very low temperature (– 60°) can cause low fuel temperature. It is quite dangerous for flight at FL and a controller has to give instructions to descent to a lower FL. |
It is good as lifting power is enough for an aircraft to take off/land quicker. Lifting power increases so an aircraft can take much load. NB! If temperature changes from 0° to -10° it might cause icing of an aircraft. So an aircraft needs de-icing. Low temperature (-30) can seriously reduce visibility. |
NB! Take off can be cancelled if temperature is more than +50°C or -50°C.