Unit I world agriculture: review and outlook

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After studying this unit, you should be able to:

• state the role of agriculture

• define terminology related to agriculture;

• define the major farming branches;

• describe the land stock of Ukraine;

• state the principal areas of plant cultivation ;

• name the industrial crops;

• name the types of vegetable crops;

• describe the benefits of agriculture ;

Key terms

1. Study key terms and their definitions before reading Text a & b:

Agriculture- сільське господарство; землеробство- the work, business, or study of farming. Thescienceorpracticeoffarming, includingcultivationofthesoilforthegrowingofcropsandtherearingofanimalstoprovidefood, wool, andotherproducts.

Subsistenceagriculture-натуральноесельскоехозяйство; примитивноесельскоехозяйство- a type of farming in which most of the produce (subsistence crop) is consumed by the farmer and his family, leaving little or nothing to be marketed.

BoardofAgriculture — Министерствоземледелия (в Великобритании)

Syn:farming , cultivation , tillage , tilling , husbandry , land/farm management , horticulture ; agribusiness , agronomy

Derived words:

agriterrorism- crimes such as poisoning farm animals and crops for political aims

agritourism- tourism in which tourists stay with local people in rural areas abroad ,for example farms

agronomics -the branch of economics that deals with the way land is used and the things that are produced by farming

agronomy-агрономия (наука о возделываниирастений, повышенииплодородияпочвы и урожайности, рациональномиспользованиисельскохозяйственныхугодий) - thescienceofsoilmanagementandcropproduction

agronomist- агроном- an agronomist is someone who studies the growing and harvesting of crops.

Farming is growing crops or keeping animals by people for food and raw materials. Farming is a part of agriculture.

Crop -1) урожай, жатва; посев -an amount of crops grown in a particular year

good/heavy/ bumper crop — богатыйурожай

crop failure — неурожай, недород

land under crop — засеяннаяземля

landoutofcrop — незасеянная, невозделанная земля, земля, оставленная под паром - cropduster

Syn:harvest; yield

2) культура;зерновые (окультурах) a cultivated plant that is grown on a large scale commercially usually on a farm, especially a cereal, fruit, or vegetable

technical / industrial crops — техническиекультуры

black crop — бобовыекультуры

greencrop — злак, убранный недозрелым (на корм животным)

cropplant — растение, выращиваемое в пищу

whitecrop — зерновые культуры (особенно пшеница) - croprotation

Livestock -1) крупныйрогатый скот 2) поголовье скота (домашнего)

animals such as horses, cows, sheep, and pigs, and similar animals that are kept on a farm or ranch for domestic use but not as pets and regardedasanasset

livestockbreeding - племенноеживотноводство

livestockcapita - поголовьескота

Animal husbandry – животноводство- the science of breeding and caring for farm animals

Breeding- разведение, выращивание (животных, растений) - the mating and production of offspring by animals ; reproduction

livestockbreeding — животноводство

cattlebreeding — скотоводство, разведение крупного рогатого скота selectivebreeding — селекционное разведение

horsebreeding — разведение лошадей

poultrybreeding — разведение птиц

sheep breeding — овцеводство

Syn: stock raising , stockbreeding

Grain- зерно; хлебные злаки; крупа- wheat or any other cultivated cereal used as food

to grow grain — выращивать зерно

to store grain — хранитьзерно

Syn: edible (used for food ) seed plants such as cereal , wheat , rice, rye , barley , oat, corn , maize , millet etc.

Note: bushel - a measure of capacity equal to 8 gallons (equivalent to 36.4 litres), used for corn, fruit, liquids, etc.

Poultry- домашняя птица; мясо домашней птицы - domestic fowl, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese and other birds that are kept for their eggs and meat as poultry. Meat from these birds is also referred to as poultry.

poultry breeding — разведение домашней птицы

poultry farming / keeping — птицеводство

poultry farm — птицеводческая ферма

poultry house — птичник

poultry maid — птичница

poultry yard — птичий двор

Domestication- is a change that happens in wild animals or plants, when they are kept by humans for a long time.