U
nit
1. Geographical Position
Part 1. Countries and Continents
Study the list of vocabulary and pronounce the words after the teacher:
Vocabulary:
to consist of – состоять из
to be situated on ... – быть расположенным на
to be washed by ... from ... – омываться (чем) … (с какой стороны) …
to be separated by ... – быть отделённым (чем) …
to join/ link – соединять(ся)
to flow into – впадать в
to border on ... in ... – граничить (с чем) … (с какой стороны) …
to occupy – занимать территорию
to include – включать в себя
to vary – различаться, изменяться
vast [va:st] – обширный
valley [’væli] – долина
plain [plein] – равнина
lowland [’ləulənd] – низменность
highland [’hailənd] – нагорье, высокогорная местность
mountain [’mauntin] – гора
mountainous [’mauntinəs] – горный, гористый
chain [t∫ein] – цепь
range [reiŋdჳ] – гряда (гор)
hilly [’hili] – холмистый
scenery [’si:n(ə)ri] – пейзаж
desert [’dezət] – пустыня
square kilometer – квадратный километр
coast [kəust] – побережье
coastal [’kəust(ə)l] – прибрежный
gulf [gлlf] – залив
stream [stri:m] – речка, ручей, течение
strait [streit] – пролив
sea [si:] – море
river [’rivə] – река
lake [leik] – озеро
isle/ island [ail/ ’ailənd] – остров
peninsula [pi’ninsjulə] – полуостров
continent – континент
area [’e(ə)riə] – площадь, территория
surface [’sə:fis] – поверхность, рельеф
urban [’ə:bən] – городской
various [’ve(ə)riəs] – различный
state/ official language [steit/ ə’fi∫(ə)l] – государственный язык
capital – столица
Asia [’ei∫ə] – Азия
Europe [’juərəp] – Европа
Eurasia [ju(ə)’reiჳə, -∫ə] – Евразия (континент)
Australia [ɔ:’streiliə] – Австралия
The United Kingdom (the UK) – Соединённое Королевство
The United States of America (the USA) – Соединенные Штаты Америки
The Pacific – Тихий океан
The Atlantic – Атлантический океан
The Arctic – Северный Ледовитый океан
The Indian – Индийский океан
plateau [’plætəu] – плато
fertile [’fə:tail] – плодородный
isthmus [’isməs] – перешеек
swamp [swɔmp] – болото
interior [in’ti(ə)riə] – внутренняя часть
height [hait] – высота
slope [sləup] – склон
to slope – клониться, склоняться
gently – плавно
inland – расположенный внутри страны
hemisphere [’hemisfiə] – полушарие
per capita [pə’kæpitə] – на душу населения
GNP (gross national product) [grɔs ’næ∫ən(ə)l ’prɔdлkt] – валовой национальный продукт
soil [sɔil] – почва
suburb [’sлbə:b] – пригород
vehicle [’vi:ik(ə)l] – автомобиль, средство передвижения
Exercise 1. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:
A. Nouns:
1. island a. a flat area
2. population b. an outside or top of the object
3. surface c. a sea shore
4. valley d. a piece of land surrounded by water
5. plain e. all the people that live in a particular place
6. coast f. a low area between hills
7. scenery g. a dry sandy region that has little or no vegetation because of low rainfall
8. gulf h. natural features of a landscape
9. isthmus i. a large deep bay
10. desert j. a narrow strip of land connecting two areas of land
B. Adjectives:
vast a. different
mountainous b. extremely large
urban c. having rich soil
various d. having lots of high points throughout the territory
fertile e. state
official f. living in a city or in a town
Exercise 2. Discuss vocabulary of the previous exercise using the following models:
Model 1:
A. – Excuse me, does the word island mean a piece of land surrounded by water?
B. – Yes, it does. Island is a piece of land surrounded by water.
A. – Thank you.
B. – Not at all.
Model 2:
A. – Excuse me, does the word fertile mean different?
B. – No, it doesn’t. Fertile means having rich soil.
A. – Ah, having rich soil. Yes, I’ve got it. Thank you.
B. – Think nothing about it.
Exercise 3. Listen to the text “The United Kingdom” twice and decide true or false are the following statements:
Statements:
1. The British Isles consist of three large islands.
2. The total area of the UK is over 244 thousand square kilometers.
3. The population of the country is about 40 million.
4. Most part of the population lives in cities.
5. Northern Ireland is not included in Great Britain
6. The British Isles are separated from the continent by the Atlantic Ocean.
7. The north of Scotland is mountainous.
8. Wales is called Highlands.
9. The highest mountain is in Scotland.
10. The Thames is the longest river in the country.
Exercise 4. Listen to the text “The United Kingdom” once again and answer the following questions:
1. Where is the United Kingdom situated on?
2. What is the total area of the UK?
3. What is the population of the country?
4. Do most people live in cities?
5. What is the capital of Scotland?
6. How many parts does Great Britain consist of?
7. What separates the British Isles from the continent?
8. Which coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean?
9. Why the north of Scotland is called Highlands?
10. What is the highest mountain of Scotland?
11. Which river is the longest?
12. Which river is the deepest?
Exercise 5. Put the words of the following sentences in the right word order:
is/capital/of/the/Cardiff/Wales.
of/urban/population/part/the/is/most.
south/beautiful/has/plains/the/and/valleys.
Great/are/mountains/Britain/not/high/in/very.
country/of/much/is/very/various/the/surface/the.
number/and/consist/two/islands/British/of/a/large/smaller/Isles/ones/the/of.
Exercise 6. Read and translate the following text guessing the meanings of the italicized words: