
- •Вправа 3. Перекладіть текст функціональним способом, зверніть увагу на можливості скорочення та спрощення
- •Вправа 4. Перекладіть рекламний текст так, щоб він відповідав правилам української реклами
- •Вправа 9. Перекладіть 3-компонентні групи іменників
- •Вправа 10. Перекладіть описовим способом
- •Вправа 11. Перекладіть 4-компонентні групи іменників
- •Вправа 12. Визначіть смислові одиниці та перекладіть 5- та 6-компонентні групи іменників
- •Вправа 13. Перекладіть англійською мовою
- •Вправа 30. Перекладіть українською мовою, звертаючи увагу на американізми
- •Вправа 31. Перекладіть українською мовою наступні вільні словосполучення
- •Вправа 36. Перекладіть наступні речення та словосполучення, застосовуючи різні види лексичних трансформацій
- •Вправа 40. Перекладіть речення, визначивши слова (терміни), під час перекладу яких слід застосувати прийом описового перекладу
- •Вправа 44. Визначіть основу іронії у наступних прикладах і перекладіть їх українською мовою
- •Вправа 45. Перекладіть речення, визначивши в них розмовні елементи та звертаючи увагу на особливості їхнього перекладу
- •Вправа 46. Перекладіть речення, визначивши адекватний спосіб передачі на українську мову займенника
- •Вправа 47. Перекладіть речення, визначивши, в якому значенні вжито міжгалузеві омоніми leader, bank, debris, deviant, board , control, arm, box, frame, bridge, adjustment
- •Вправа 48. Перекладіть речення, визначивши слова-реалії та адекватний спосіб їх передачі українською мовою
- •Вправа 49
- •Вправа 50. Перекладіть наступні речення, звертаючи увагу на передачу фірмових назв
- •Список літератури
Вправа 13. Перекладіть англійською мовою
1. Книжковий фонд Київського державного лінгвістичного університету. 2. Шостий Київський авторемонтний завод. 3. Студенти Київської музичної академії імені П.І. Чайковського. 4. Молочні продукти Білицького (Біличі) молокозаводу Києво-Святошинського району Київської області. 5. Призери фінального туру студентського конкурсу «Красуня міста Київ» 2000 року. 6. Рішення Київської міської державної адміністрації. 7. Планована зустріч випускників 1940 року Боярської середньої школи Лисянського району. 8. Науково-дослідні інститути академії наук України. 9. Різдвяні колядування учнів молодших класів міста Львів. 10. Наслідки зимової студентської сесії 2000 року. 11. Заочники Київського інституту бізнесу і технологій. 12. Заліки п'ятикурсників за останню весняно-літню сесію. 13. Новорічні та різдвяні свята харківських школярів. 14. Київські видавництва художньої літератури «Веселка» та «Український письменник». 15. Читачі національної бібліотеки України імені Вернадського. 16. Комісія в справах обміну сільськогосподарською продукцією. 17. Заходи стимулювання інвестицій у промисловості України. 18. Наслідки фінансової кризи осені 1997 року. 19. Голова комісії Верховної Ради у справах боротьби з корупцією Г.Омельченко. 20. Аґентство у справах контролю повітряних ліній України. 21. Державна комісія України в справах контролю авіаційних зв'язків із країнами Західної Європи та Близького Сходу.
Вправа 14. Перекладіть українською мовою. Зверніть увагу на переклад підкреслених слів
The company’s directing agency is located in Detroit.
This can hardly be treated as a free article. You’ll have to include the funds for the customs clearing.
Competitive capacity of enterprises is number one issue.
The rent and utilities coverage in the country is gradually growing and will reach as much as 80% by this July.
Price gap has become the main reason for many domestic goods being brought out of the country.
They have been speculating on the margin for a couple years now.
The new chief executive officer was appointer in May.
The immediate task is to temper the impact of inflation.
Вправа 15. Перекладіть речення, визначивши ті слова (терміни), які потрібно перекласти на підставі вибору варіантних відповідників
1. Conflict may, according to some theorists, have a positive social function. 2. He was among the first to exploit front-end geometry for steering stability. 3, One such refinement is a damping device that shortens the time required for the swinging of the weighing arm to cease. 4. Stems of grasses have two parts: nodes and intemodes; the node is a joint in the stem at the place where leaves are attached. 5. Acetylcholine acts like a "key"- it is released from one cell and moves to the next cell, which it activates by fitting into a "lock," called a receptor. 6. Deuterium was first identified (1931) by Harold Urey, F.G. Brickwedee, and G.M. Murphy in the spectrum of the residue from the evaporation of liquid hydrogen. 7. In CAD, engineers use specialized computer software to create models that represent the geometry and other characteristics of objects. 8. Because of the geometry of the openings in the chamber walls and of the ducts connected to these openings, the pumping pressure of the chambers draws water in one direction through the sponge. 9. In the fields of geomorphology and hydrology, aerial photographs find application in watershed studies, flood control, and evaluation of water pollution and shoreline changes. 10. Rotation of the steering wheel is translated, through gearing and a network of rods and joints (the steering linkage), into right or left movement of the car's front wheels. 11. Many analog devices have been replaced by digital devices, mainly because digital instruments can better deal with the problem of unwanted information, or noise. 12. Simple interest means that the interest payment for the year is the principal amount multiplied by the interest rate; for example, the interest on $1,000 is $60 if the interest rate is 6%. 13. Policy is guided by the recognition that crime is often socially produced, that criminals suffer from "problems in living," and that only truly dangerous offenders should be incarcerated. 14. Trace amounts of various metals in stream sediments are used in reconnaissance exploration just as previous prospectors used the gold pan to trace placer gold to the mother lode. 15. If a template matches some area of the sample image, the image might contain the corresponding object; unfortunately, the match is usually imperfect due to image noise, object variation, object rotation, changes in lighting, and other factors. 16. The Egyptian royal cubit was divided into units of seven palms, the palm being the width of four fingers; in turn, each palm could be subdivided into four digits, the breadth of the middle finger. 17. To encipher a message or datum requires knowing n plus a number e, the latter also known to everyone. Although ever/one can encipher a message or datum using the known numbers, decipherment can be accomplished only by someone who knows n and a private number, d.
Вправа 16. Вивчіть такі пароніми
acceptance «прийняття, визнання» – acceptation «прийняте значення слова»;
adherence «суворе дотримання»– adhesion «склеювання, злипання»;
advance «просування, успіх, проґрес» – advancement «висування» (гіпотези));
advantageous «вигідний, сприятливий» – adventitious «випадковий, незапланований»;
to affect «впливати»– to effect «здійснювати»;
analogous «аналогічний» – analogical «аналоговий»;
assay «випробування, перевірка»– essay «нарис»;
ceremonial «формальний, урочистий» – ceremonious «церемонний»;
consequent «наступний» – consequential «важливий»;
credible «ймовірний»– creditable «надійний»;
definite «певний» – definitive «остаточний; суттєвий»;
dependable «надійний»– dependent «залежний»;
disposal «передача; розпорядження» – disposition «розташування; тенденція»;
effective «дієвий, чинний»– efficient «ефективний»;
elaborateness «ретельний» – elaboration «опрацювання»;
elemental «стихійний» – elementary «елементарний»;
emergence «поява» – emergency «непередбачений випадок»;
ensure/insure «гарантувати» – assure «запевнювати»;
especially «надто» – specially «спеціально»;
euphemism «евфемізм» – euphuism «евфуїзм»;
except «за виключенням» – accept «приймати» – excepting «виключаючи» – exceptionable «небездоганний» – exceptional «непересічний»;
expedient «доцільний» — expeditious «терміновий»;
factious «фракційний» — factitious «штучний» — fictitious «вигаданий»;
fatal «фатальний» — fateful «важливий, вирішальний»;
forceful «переконливий» — forcible «примусовий»;
formalism «педантичність» — formality «формальність»;
historic «історичний (такий, що має історичне значення)» — historical «історичний (такий, що мас відношення до історії)»;
human «людський» — humane «гуманний»;
hypothecate «робити заставу» — hypothesize «висувати гіпотезу»;
imaginary «уявний» — imaginative «такий, що характеризується багатою уявою»;
impassable «нездоланний»—impossible «неможливий» — impassible «байдужий»
inapt «недоречний» — inept «нечинний»;
indiscreet «необачний» — indiscrete «недискретний»;
inflammable «вогненебезпечний» — inflammatory «підбурювальний»;
judicial «судовий» —judicious «розсудливий»;
laudable «такий, що заслуговує на гарне слово» — laudatory «такий, що вихваляє»;
lay «класти» — lie «лежати»;
legislation «законодавство» — legislature «законодавчий орган»;
major «головний» — mayor «мер»;
masterful «впевнений» — masterly «майстерний»;
opacity «неясність» — opaqueness «непрозорість»;
parricide «зрада батьківщині» — patricide «батьковбивство»;
partisan «партійний» —partizan «партизан»;
passable «задовільний» — passible «чутливий» — possible «можливий»;
pendant «додаток» — pendent «невирішений» — pending «незавершений»;
phantasm «ілюзія» — phantom «видіння»;
policy «політика» —polity «форма правління»;
practical «практичний» — practicable «здійсненний»;
professorate «посада професора» — proressoriate «професорський склад»;
progress «проґрес» — progression «просування, рух»;
purport «смисл, зміст» — purpose «мета»;
qualitative «якісний» — quantitative «кількісний»;
quite «досить, доволі» — quiet «тихий, спокійний»;
raise «піднімати, підносити» — arise «підніматися»;
receipt «отримання» — recipe «рецепт» — recipient «отримувач»;
reflective «мислячий» — reflexive «зворотний»;
resort «рятівний засіб» — resource «ресурс» — recourse «звернення за допомогою»;
reversal «повна зміна» — reversion «обернення»;
sensible «розумний» — sensitive «вразливий» — sensual «чуттєвий» — sensuous «емоційний»;
shade «відтінок» —- shadow «тінь»;
signal «сиґнал» — single «єдиний»;
soluble «розчинний» — solvable «що може бути вирішений»;
specific «конкретний» — special «спеціальний».
Вправа 17. Перекладіть українською мовою
Banking officers.
Public debt.
Interest rate.
Convention of the Entrepreneurs Union.
Personnel department.
Champion of peace.
Ammunition storage.
Null document.
Legal matters.
Accurate data.
Title and position.
Human values.
Вправа 18. Визначіть перекладні відповідники наступних паронімів:
access - excess, advantage - vantage, except - accept, uninterested - disinterested, instance -instant, revert - reverse, reversion - reversal, antithesis - antitheses, sensorial - sensual, abasement -abashment, raise - rise, rash - rush, back-shift - backshaft, perspective - prospective, abate - abide, dependant - dependent.
Вправа 19. Перекладіть речення, попередньо визначивши паронімічні слова:
la) Information theory measures information. It also investigates the efficient use of information media. 1b) A successful artificial heart also requires efficient regulatory mechanisms. 1c) In some cases, existing equipment must be replaced completely with more efficient new systems. 1d) The mining industry helps conservation by finding more efficient ways to mine natural resources and less wasteful ways of turning them into raw materials.
2a) Among the functional groups that have been identified are learning, social, therapy, problem-solving, political action, and worship groups. Given the variety of functions, effective participation in groups requires a variety of skills. In family and therapy groups, for example, people must be effective in empathizing with others. In learning groups, however, people must have the wide array of skills needed for sending and receiving informative messages. 2b) Ionizing radiation has been effective in the treatment of some types of cancer. 2c) The way animals generate electricity by oxidizing organic fuels has prompted efforts to develop equally effective fuel cells. 2d) Mechanical methods of insect control often primitive and time-consuming are generally less effective than chemical methods. Temperature control is sometimes effective against insects that infest enclosed storage facilities.
За) In each of the two temporal bones are three tiny bones of the middle ear - the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup) which are capable of making extremely fine movements . The hyoid is a U-shaped bone. 3b) Below the frontal and parietal lobes is the temporal lobe, which is involved with hearing and memory. Behind the temporal lobe is the occipital lobe, the visual center of the brain. 3c) According to Zeno it is a mistake to regard health, wealth, success, or any other temporary condition as a cause for happiness. Only virtue is good, and vice is evil. 3d) A mechanical heart-assist device can act as a temporary substitute for the natural heart while patients wait for heart transplants.
4a) As plants take these nutrients out of the soil solution, many are replaced by the continual release of minerals from the breakdown of parent material. 4b) Continual improvement over the years established the 35-rnm camera, especially in its single-lens reflex form, as the dominant camera for both professionals and serious amateurs. 4c) Continuous casting of steel produces an endless length of steel, which, while still hot, may be cut into long blooms or slabs that are ready for shaping in rolling mills. 4d) One of the best devices for continuous detection and tracking of hurricanes, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and other severe storms at distances up to 250 miles is radar.
5a) Instantaneous ignition of the explosive air-fuel mixture in each cylinder of the engine requires a strong, hot electric spark. This spark is caused by a momentary surge of high voltage, which may reach 20,000 to 25,000 volts. 5b) This tightly organized molecular arrangement is so stable that it tenaciously resists disruption. Even when disrupted by strong forces, it tries to reseal any momentary holes to keep a continuous surface. Only membrane proteins, however, are designed for membrane service. 5c) With the rise of Darwinism and the theory of evolution, archaeology underwent a momentous change. 5d) Passed by Congress in 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act has been called the most momentous piece of legislation in the United States before the American Civil War.
6a) A dormant volcano, while currently inactive, has erupted within historic times and is likely to do so in the future. An inactive volcano is one that has not been known to erupt within historic tunes. Such classification is arbitrary, however, since almost any volcano is capable of erupting again. 6b) Many historic scientific breakthroughs have been presented to the scientific community at such conferences. 6c) Such information was gathered through the recording of life histories and folklore, and then connecting these details with archaeological and historical data. Boas also believed that similarities among different cultures were the result of similar outside influences rather than to the similarity in thought processes or to any universal laws of development. He stressed the importance of analyzing a culture within its historical context. 6d) Other historical novels merely use the trappings of history as superficial decoration, much as in a costume ball but the historical events themselves are relegated to the background. In the foreground are characters and plot, and both could be from any period of the past or even the present.
7a) Neutrons have no charge. The number of neutrons can vary in atoms of the same element. Such variations do not affect the electrons or the atomic number. They affect the chemical properties slightly and also affect the weight of the nucleus and therefore of the atom. Atoms of the same element that vary in weight are called isotopes. 7b) Instruments must be small enough that the sensing element itself does not adversely affect the quantity that is to be measured. If, for instance, a small current in an electronic circuit is to be measured, one cannot use a device that itself requires a significant amount of current to operate, because the instrument current affects the measurement and distorts the desired reading. 7c) In addition; because the Earth is not a perfect sphere, the slight change in gravitational field has some small effects on the flight path over very long distances. These geoballistic effects are especially important with long-range guided missiles and spacecraft. 7d) The amount of shift reveals the speed of the star's motion; but since light in a vacuum travels at the tremendous speed of 186,282 miles per second (299,743 kilometers per second), the star must be traveling at a very great speed to create a noticeable effect.
8a) American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), national society of American scientists founded 1848 in Boston at meeting of geologists аnd naturalists; now includes all major fields of science; seeks to further work of scientists and improve effectiveness of science in promotion of human welfare, conducts seminars. 8b) Advances in chemistry during the latter half of the 19th century demanded that small-scale laboratories be extended to large-scale production, opening the way lot the chemical engineer.
9a) A controversy revolves around basic, or pure, biology and how it relates to applied, or practical, biology. The former is represented by studies for which no immediate practical value is apparent. 9b) This distribution of funds has been criticized by some for creating an imbalance in inventive activity and for being directed toward practical applications rather than basic knowledge. 9c) In 1840 Friedrich Keller, a German, was the first to find a commercially practicable way to produce paper from wood through mechanical grinding. 9d) Improved gunsights, new spotting techniques, and range finders made long-range gunnery practicable. 9e) In 1846 these two innovations were combined in a machine built by Elias Howe of Massachusetts. This was the first really practicable sewing machine, but it could sew only straight seams of limited length.
10a) The central strand of development in these years, however, is cognitive. It is the development of toddlers' thought processes that interact with all the other developments to produce sensible children out of the toddlers many parents label. 10b) In 1948, two Americans conceived of a type of electrostatic printing in which the coloring agent is not ink out a powder that is sensitive to the pull of an electric charge induced on a plate.
11a) Virtually all fax machines use a light-sensitive device to scan the original, one elemental area at a time, and represent the shade or tone of each area by a specified amount of electric current. The current is transmitted as a signal over telephone lines or via microwave relay to a receiver that reproduces an image of the elemental area by means of photographic, electricity-sensitive, or heat-sensitive paper. 11b) For example, the atom of an intrinsic semiconductor such as elemental silicon has four electrons in its outermost shell. 11c) In the most modern description of strong interaction physics, the protons, neutrons, and mesons are not elementary constituents but are composites of objects known as quarks. 11d) The study of the various elementary particles themselves is divided into baryon and meson spectroscopy, and elementary-particle spectrometers are used for such studies.
12a) The transaction can be as simple as buying a candy bar in a grocery store or as complicated as buying real estate. All such transfers are called exchanges. In some cases it is an easy exchange of money for a product. In other cases such as buying an automobile or a home there are more intricate legal formalities. 12b) The term revivalism is most commonly associated with religious movements. It means alive again that is, breathing new life into an organization that has become stagnant because of adherence to formalism and tradition. It is against this natural conservatism that revivalism reacts.
Вправа 20. Перекладіть речення з неологізмами
About 65 Amerasians arrived in Thailand yesterday with their relatives on their way to their new homes in the United States.
The first generation of baby-boomers in Britain and the U.S. was born in late forties-early fifties.
Slowly, and unevenly, a 'can-do' attitude is beginning to replace the inertia in the trade unions.
Capital flight is now becoming less accessible from foreign creditors.
If the merger boom is now nearing a close, will it be followed by a demerger boom?
E-commerce has become wide spread in the U.S.
The companies are now joining their forces because the potential synergy is evident.
If an insurance company wishes you a happy birthday, take it as a sure sign that they view you as a target for a touch of cross-marketing. In other words, having sold to you once or twice before, they would like to do it over and over again.
Вправа 21. Перекладіть речення
1. There is a certain rule to be used in this case.
2. There are many options to choose from here.
3. There is no question of printing empty money.
There has been recently developed a new approach to this.
There exist more than one possibility for attracting investments.
There seems to be another solution to the problem.
There must be a new instrument to deal with this issue.
There arе a few things I want to make clear.
Вправа 22. Перекладіть речення
It is worth while discussing this matter.
Take it seriously. It might help.
It is not at all easy to put it into practice.
It will be of no use to transfer more money than needed.
It is thought that this approach will be more helpful.
We hope this decision will make it only difficult to attract the savings of the population.
In our case it is a usual procedure.
It was the first price rise that emptied the shops' counters back in 1991.
Вправа 23. Перекладіть речення
1. The idea that was put forward by the managing director did not seem to be right.
The suggestion was made that all the departments were represented on an equal basis.
Their wages were so low that there was no use to start this campaign.
That the commercial would do no harm was obvious.
The idea behind it is that we might reduce the time for this operation.
It was not until the Euro was introduced that the EU countries harmonized mutual settlements.
The paper that was presented by a visiting lecturer from the UK aroused great interest.
The dollar value of wages in the Baltics is higher than that in the other former Soviet Union republics.
Вправа 24. Перекладіть речення
The extent to which all the components are involved depends on the situation.
Pierre and Marie Curie were mostly engaged in researching radioactive elements, in which field they made most essential discoveries.
Factors are investigated which play an important role in the process under study.
The economic growth was substantial, which is due to the production volume.
The way in which this was achieved is not exactly what we have in mind.
Вправа 25. Перекладіть речення
What I have tried to do is to give an analysis of the situation.
What really matters is the attitude to the problem.
What approach is the best should be decided in advance.
We didn't know what the nature of this phenomenon was.
What was the formula you used in your calculation?
The answer will depend on what you decide.
If this is the norm, what about the other cases?
What followed was the study of possible solutions.
Вправа 26. Перекладіть речення з неологізмами
In the short period since the collapse of the USSR, there have been formed new relations in the region.
The only legal place available for gambling is a casino.
As the time passed, we were able to see the changes.
It is difficult to believe it, for so many attempts have been made.
It was their only chance to be involved in the project.
As we are to take four exams in this coming session, I don't think I'll be able to join you.
Both these countries have like tendencies of development.
Macroeconomic stabilization is necessary; since it is the only way to market reforms.
Вправа 27. Передайте українською мовою
James Madison
John Quincy Adams
William Henry Harrison
John Tyler
Zachary Taylor
Millard Fillmore
Franklin Pierce
James Buchanan
James Garfield
Chester Arthur
Grover Cleveland
William McKinley
Woodrow Wilson
Calvin Coolidge
Dwight Eisenhower
William Howard Taft
Вправа 28. Передайте українською мовою
Philip Riley
Joshua Myers
Morris Woodley
George Ogden
Alan Headbloom
John Swales
Dudley-Evans
Lynne Wright
Jim Caswell
Heather Griswold
Merrill Bloor
Brian Cohen
Iris Murdock
Gene Flowers
Stephen Swan
David Banks
Ian Abercrombie
Walter Dyer
Joan Morley
Walter Hartright
Cheryl Hymes
Dorothy McNeil
Todd Lawrence
Garry Sweeney
Eugene O'Neil
Sheila Stone
Maxwell Burt
Sam Oakland
J. Middleton
Hugh Cotter
Вправа 29. Передайте українською мовою
Los Angeles Times
Daily Telegraph
The Christian Science Monitor
U.S. News and World Report
The Herald Tribune
Finance and Development
Political Affairs
The Independent
Daily Mirror
The Guardian
Readers Digest
Fortune
Journal of Psychology
Business Central Europe
The Observer
Automotive World
Heathrow
Newark
Waterloo Station
Union Station
Gatwick
J.F. Kennedy International
Paddington
Euston
General Motors Corporation
AT&T
The World Health Organization
Chase Manhattan Corporation
British Petroleum Company
The UN General Assembly
General Electric
Ford Union
The House of Commons
Waterhouse Corporation
The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Crysler Corp.
Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
Thomas Cook & Bros.
Kentucky Fried Chicken Corp. (KFC)
Milwaukee
Freetown
Dorsetshire
South Carolina
New Jersey
Hudson Bay
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Gulf of Mexico
Mediterranean Sea
Ulster
Cardiff
Wyoming
Hampton Court
Dorsetshire
New Hampshire
Iowa
Utah
Bath
Pebble Beach
St. Lawrence River
Sutherland
Greenwich
North Yorkshire
Delaware
Pacific Grove
Easter Island
Rode Island
Birmingham
Ivory Coast
Regent Street
The Strand
Lincoln Square
Taft Avenue
Cromwell Road
Cherry Lane
Wigmore Street
Whitehall
Sloane Square
Thayer Street
Pall Mall
Wellington Terrace
Charing Cross Rd.
Fleet Street
East Lake Drive