Вправа 13. Перекладіть англійською мовою

1. Книжковий фонд Київського державного лінгвістичного університету. 2. Шостий Київський авторемонтний завод. 3. Студенти Київської музичної академії імені П.І. Чайковського. 4. Молочні продукти Білицького (Біличі) молокозаводу Києво-Святошинського району Київської області. 5. Призери фінального туру студентського конкурсу «Красуня міста Київ» 2000 року. 6. Рішення Київської міської державної адміністрації. 7. Планована зустріч випускників 1940 року Боярської середньої школи Лисянського району. 8. Науково-дослідні інститути академії наук України. 9. Різдвяні колядування учнів молодших класів міста Львів. 10. Наслідки зимової студентської сесії 2000 року. 11. Заочники Київського інституту бізнесу і технологій. 12. Заліки п'ятикурсників за останню весняно-літню сесію. 13. Новорічні та різдвяні свята харківських школярів. 14. Київські видавництва художньої літератури «Веселка» та «Український письменник». 15. Читачі національної бібліотеки України імені Вернадського. 16. Комісія в справах обміну сільськогосподарською продукцією. 17. Заходи стимулювання інвестицій у промисловості України. 18. Наслідки фінансової кризи осені 1997 року. 19. Голова комісії Верховної Ради у справах боротьби з корупцією Г.Омельченко. 20. Аґентство у справах контролю повітряних ліній України. 21. Державна комісія України в справах контролю авіаційних зв'язків із країнами Західної Європи та Близького Сходу.

Вправа 14. Перекладіть українською мовою. Зверніть увагу на переклад підкреслених слів

1. The company’s directing agency is located in Detroit.

2. This can hardly be treated as a free article. You’ll have to include the funds for the customs clearing.

3. Competitive capacity of enterprises is number one issue.

4. The rent and utilities coverage in the country is gradually growing and will reach as much as 80% by this July.

5. Price gap has become the main reason for many domestic goods being brought out of the country.

6. They have been speculating on the margin for a couple years now.

7. The new chief executive officer was appointer in May.

8. The immediate task is to temper the impact of inflation.

Вправа 15. Перекладіть речення, визначивши ті слова (терміни), які потрібно перекласти на підставі вибору варіантних відповідників

1. Conflict may, according to some theorists, have a positive social function. 2. He was among the first to exploit front-end geometry for steering stability. 3, One such refinement is a damping device that shortens the time required for the swinging of the weighing arm to cease. 4. Stems of grasses have two parts: nodes and intemodes; the node is a joint in the stem at the place where leaves are attached. 5. Acetylcholine acts like a "key"- it is released from one cell and moves to the next cell, which it activates by fitting into a "lock," called a receptor. 6. Deuterium was first identified (1931) by Harold Urey, F.G. Brickwedee, and G.M. Murphy in the spectrum of the residue from the evaporation of liquid hydrogen. 7. In CAD, engineers use specialized computer software to create models that represent the geometry and other characteristics of objects. 8. Because of the geometry of the openings in the chamber walls and of the ducts connected to these openings, the pumping pressure of the chambers draws water in one direction through the sponge. 9. In the fields of geomorphology and hydrology, aerial photographs find application in watershed studies, flood control, and evaluation of water pollution and shoreline changes. 10. Rotation of the steering wheel is translated, through gearing and a network of rods and joints (the steering linkage), into right or left movement of the car's front wheels. 11. Many analog devices have been replaced by digital devices, mainly because digital instruments can better deal with the problem of unwanted information, or noise. 12. Simple interest means that the interest payment for the year is the principal amount multiplied by the interest rate; for example, the interest on $1,000 is $60 if the interest rate is 6%. 13. Policy is guided by the recognition that crime is often socially produced, that criminals suffer from "problems in living," and that only truly dangerous offenders should be incarcerated. 14. Trace amounts of various metals in stream sediments are used in reconnaissance exploration just as previous prospectors used the gold pan to trace placer gold to the mother lode. 15. If a template matches some area of the sample image, the image might contain the corresponding object; unfortunately, the match is usually imperfect due to image noise, object variation, object rotation, changes in lighting, and other factors. 16. The Egyptian royal cubit was divided into units of seven palms, the palm being the width of four fingers; in turn, each palm could be subdivided into four digits, the breadth of the middle finger. 17. To encipher a message or datum requires knowing n plus a number e, the latter also known to everyone. Although ever/one can encipher a message or datum using the known numbers, decipherment can be accomplished only by someone who knows n and a private number, d.

Вправа 16. Вивчіть такі пароніми

acceptance «прийняття, визнання» – acceptation «прийняте значення слова»;

adherence «суворе дотримання»– adhesion «склеювання, злипання»;

advance «просування, успіх, проґрес» – advancement «висування» (гіпотези));

advantageous «вигідний, сприятливий» – adventitious «випадковий, незапланований»;

to affect «впливати»– to effect «здійснювати»;

analogous «аналогічний» – analogical «аналоговий»;

assay «випробування, перевірка»– essay «нарис»;

ceremonial «формальний, урочистий» – ceremonious «церемонний»;

consequent «наступний» – consequential «важливий»;

credible «ймовірний»– creditable «надійний»;

definite «певний» – definitive «остаточний; суттєвий»;

dependable «надійний»– dependent «залежний»;

disposal «передача; розпорядження» – disposition «розташування; тенденція»;

effective «дієвий, чинний»– efficient «ефективний»;

elaborateness «ретельний» – elaboration «опрацювання»;

elemental «стихійний» – elementary «елементарний»;

emergence «поява» – emergency «непередбачений випадок»;

ensure/insure «гарантувати» – assure «запевнювати»;

especially «надто» – specially «спеціально»;

euphemism «евфемізм» – euphuism «евфуїзм»;

except «за виключенням» – accept «приймати» – excepting «виключаючи» – exceptionable «небездоганний» – exceptional «непересічний»;

expedient «доцільний» — expeditious «терміновий»;

factious «фракційний» — factitious «штучний» — fictitious «вигаданий»;

fatal «фатальний» — fateful «важливий, вирішальний»;

forceful «переконливий» — forcible «примусовий»;

formalism «педантичність» — formality «формальність»;

historic «історичний (такий, що має історичне значення)» — historical «історичний (такий, що мас відношення до історії)»;

human «людський» — humane «гуманний»;

hypothecate «робити заставу» — hypothesize «висувати гіпотезу»;

imaginary «уявний» — imaginative «такий, що характеризується багатою уявою»;

impassable «нездоланний»—impossible «неможливий» — impassible «байдужий»

inapt «недоречний» — inept «нечинний»;

indiscreet «необачний» — indiscrete «недискретний»;

inflammable «вогненебезпечний» — inflammatory «підбурювальний»;

judicial «судовий» —judicious «розсудливий»;

laudable «такий, що заслуговує на гарне слово» — laudatory «такий, що вихваляє»;

lay «класти» — lie «лежати»;

legislation «законодавство» — legislature «законодавчий орган»;

major «головний» — mayor «мер»;

masterful «впевнений» — masterly «майстерний»;

opacity «неясність» — opaqueness «непрозорість»;

parricide «зрада батьківщині» — patricide «батьковбивство»;

partisan «партійний» —partizan «партизан»;

passable «задовільний» — passible «чутливий» — possible «можливий»;

pendant «додаток» — pendent «невирішений» — pending «незавершений»;

phantasm «ілюзія» — phantom «видіння»;

policy «політика» —polity «форма правління»;

practical «практичний» — practicable «здійсненний»;

professorate «посада професора» — proressoriate «професорський склад»;

progress «проґрес» — progression «просування, рух»;

purport «смисл, зміст» — purpose «мета»;

qualitative «якісний» — quantitative «кількісний»;

quite «досить, доволі» — quiet «тихий, спокійний»;

raise «піднімати, підносити» — arise «підніматися»;

receipt «отримання» — recipe «рецепт» — recipient «отримувач»;

reflective «мислячий» — reflexive «зворотний»;

resort «рятівний засіб» — resource «ресурс» — recourse «звернення за допомогою»;

reversal «повна зміна» — reversion «обернення»;

sensible «розумний» — sensitive «вразливий» — sensual «чуттєвий» — sensuous «емоційний»;

shade «відтінок» —- shadow «тінь»;

signal «сиґнал» — single «єдиний»;

soluble «розчинний» — solvable «що може бути вирішений»;

specific «конкретний» — special «спеціальний».

Вправа 17. Перекладіть українською мовою

1. Banking officers.

2. Public debt.

3. Interest rate.

4. Convention of the Entrepreneurs Union.

5. Personnel department.

6. Champion of peace.

7. Ammunition storage.

8. Null document.

9. Legal matters.

10. Accurate data.

11. Title and position.

12. Human values.

Вправа 18. Визначіть перекладні відповідники наступних паронімів:

access - excess, advantage - vantage, except - accept, uninterested - disinterested, instance -instant, revert - reverse, reversion - reversal, antithesis - antitheses, sensorial - sensual, abasement -abashment, raise - rise, rash - rush, back-shift - backshaft, perspective - prospective, abate - abide, dependant - dependent.

Вправа 19. Перекладіть речення, попередньо визначивши паронімічні слова:

la) Information theory measures information. It also investigates the efficient use of information media. 1b) A successful artificial heart also requires efficient regulatory mechanisms. 1c) In some cases, existing equipment must be replaced completely with more efficient new systems. 1d) The mining industry helps conservation by finding more efficient ways to mine natural resources and less wasteful ways of turning them into raw materials.

2a) Among the functional groups that have been identified are learning, social, therapy, problem-solving, political action, and worship groups. Given the variety of functions, effective participation in groups requires a variety of skills. In family and therapy groups, for example, people must be effective in empathizing with others. In learning groups, however, people must have the wide array of skills needed for sending and receiving informative messages. 2b) Ionizing radiation has been effective in the treatment of some types of cancer. 2c) The way animals generate electricity by oxidizing organic fuels has prompted efforts to develop equally effective fuel cells. 2d) Mechanical methods of insect control often primitive and time-consuming are generally less effective than chemical methods. Temperature control is sometimes effective against insects that infest enclosed storage facilities.

За) In each of the two temporal bones are three tiny bones of the middle ear - the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup) which are capable of making extremely fine movements . The hyoid is a U-shaped bone. 3b) Below the frontal and parietal lobes is the temporal lobe, which is involved with hearing and memory. Behind the temporal lobe is the occipital lobe, the visual center of the brain. 3c) According to Zeno it is a mistake to regard health, wealth, success, or any other temporary condition as a cause for happiness. Only virtue is good, and vice is evil. 3d) A mechanical heart-assist device can act as a temporary substitute for the natural heart while patients wait for heart transplants.

4a) As plants take these nutrients out of the soil solution, many are replaced by the continual release of minerals from the breakdown of parent material. 4b) Continual improvement over the years established the 35-rnm camera, especially in its single-lens reflex form, as the dominant camera for both professionals and serious amateurs. 4c) Continuous casting of steel produces an endless length of steel, which, while still hot, may be cut into long blooms or slabs that are ready for shaping in rolling mills. 4d) One of the best devices for continuous detection and tracking of hurricanes, thunderstorms, tornadoes, and other severe storms at distances up to 250 miles is radar.

5a) Instantaneous ignition of the explosive air-fuel mixture in each cylinder of the engine requires a strong, hot electric spark. This spark is caused by a momentary surge of high voltage, which may reach 20,000 to 25,000 volts. 5b) This tightly organized molecular arrangement is so stable that it tenaciously resists disruption. Even when disrupted by strong forces, it tries to reseal any momentary holes to keep a continuous surface. Only membrane proteins, however, are designed for membrane service. 5c) With the rise of Darwinism and the theory of evolution, archaeology underwent a momentous change. 5d) Passed by Congress in 1854, the Kansas-Nebraska Act has been called the most momentous piece of legislation in the United States before the American Civil War.

6a) A dormant volcano, while currently inactive, has erupted within historic times and is likely to do so in the future. An inactive volcano is one that has not been known to erupt within historic tunes. Such classification is arbitrary, however, since almost any volcano is capable of erupting again. 6b) Many historic scientific breakthroughs have been presented to the scientific community at such conferences. 6c) Such information was gathered through the recording of life histories and folklore, and then connecting these details with archaeological and historical data. Boas also believed that similarities among different cultures were the result of similar outside influences rather than to the similarity in thought processes or to any universal laws of development. He stressed the importance of analyzing a culture within its historical context. 6d) Other historical novels merely use the trappings of history as superficial decoration, much as in a costume ball but the historical events themselves are relegated to the background. In the foreground are characters and plot, and both could be from any period of the past or even the present.

7a) Neutrons have no charge. The number of neutrons can vary in atoms of the same element. Such variations do not affect the electrons or the atomic number. They affect the chemical properties slightly and also affect the weight of the nucleus and therefore of the atom. Atoms of the same element that vary in weight are called isotopes. 7b) Instruments must be small enough that the sensing element itself does not adversely affect the quantity that is to be measured. If, for instance, a small current in an electronic circuit is to be measured, one cannot use a device that itself requires a significant amount of current to operate, because the instrument current affects the measurement and distorts the desired reading. 7c) In addition; because the Earth is not a perfect sphere, the slight change in gravitational field has some small effects on the flight path over very long distances. These geoballistic effects are especially important with long-range guided missiles and spacecraft. 7d) The amount of shift reveals the speed of the star's motion; but since light in a vacuum travels at the tremendous speed of 186,282 miles per second (299,743 kilometers per second), the star must be traveling at a very great speed to create a noticeable effect.

8a) American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), national society of American scientists founded 1848 in Boston at meeting of geologists аnd naturalists; now includes all major fields of science; seeks to further work of scientists and improve effectiveness of science in promotion of human welfare, conducts seminars. 8b) Advances in chemistry during the latter half of the 19th century demanded that small-scale laboratories be extended to large-scale production, opening the way lot the chemical engineer.

9a) A controversy revolves around basic, or pure, biology and how it relates to applied, or practical, biology. The former is represented by studies for which no immediate practical value is apparent. 9b) This distribution of funds has been criticized by some for creating an imbalance in inventive activity and for being directed toward practical applications rather than basic knowledge. 9c) In 1840 Friedrich Keller, a German, was the first to find a commercially practicable way to produce paper from wood through mechanical grinding. 9d) Improved gunsights, new spotting techniques, and range finders made long-range gunnery practicable. 9e) In 1846 these two innovations were combined in a machine built by Elias Howe of Massachusetts. This was the first really practicable sewing machine, but it could sew only straight seams of limited length.

10a) The central strand of development in these years, however, is cognitive. It is the development of toddlers' thought processes that interact with all the other developments to produce sensible children out of the toddlers many parents label. 10b) In 1948, two Americans conceived of a type of electrostatic printing in which the coloring agent is not ink out a powder that is sensitive to the pull of an electric charge induced on a plate.

11a) Virtually all fax machines use a light-sensitive device to scan the original, one elemental area at a time, and represent the shade or tone of each area by a specified amount of electric current. The current is transmitted as a signal over telephone lines or via microwave relay to a receiver that reproduces an image of the elemental area by means of photographic, electricity-sensitive, or heat-sensitive paper. 11b) For example, the atom of an intrinsic semiconductor such as elemental silicon has four electrons in its outermost shell. 11c) In the most modern description of strong interaction physics, the protons, neutrons, and mesons are not elementary constituents but are composites of objects known as quarks. 11d) The study of the various elementary particles themselves is divided into baryon and meson spectroscopy, and elementary-particle spectrometers are used for such studies.

12a) The transaction can be as simple as buying a candy bar in a grocery store or as complicated as buying real estate. All such transfers are called exchanges. In some cases it is an easy exchange of money for a product. In other cases such as buying an automobile or a home there are more intricate legal formalities. 12b) The term revivalism is most commonly associated with religious movements. It means alive again that is, breathing new life into an organization that has become stagnant because of adherence to formalism and tradition. It is against this natural conservatism that revivalism reacts.

Вправа 20. Перекладіть речення з неологізмами

1. About 65 Amerasians arrived in Thailand yesterday with their relatives on their way to their new homes in the United States.

2. The first generation of baby-boomers in Britain and the U.S. was born in late forties-early fifties.

3. Slowly, and unevenly, a 'can-do' attitude is beginning to replace the inertia in the trade unions.

4. Capital flight is now becoming less accessible from foreign creditors.

5. If the merger boom is now nearing a close, will it be followed by a demerger boom?

6. E-commerce has become wide spread in the U.S.

7. The companies are now joining their forces because the potential synergy is evident.

8. If an insurance company wishes you a happy birthday, take it as a sure sign that they view you as a target for a touch of cross-marketing. In other words, having sold to you once or twice before, they would like to do it over and over again.

Вправа 21. Перекладіть речення

1. There is a certain rule to be used in this case.

2. There are many options to choose from here.

3. There is no question of printing empty money.

4. There has been recently developed a new approach to this.

5. There exist more than one possibility for attracting investments.

6. There seems to be another solution to the problem.

7. There must be a new instrument to deal with this issue.

8. There arе a few things I want to make clear.

Вправа 22. Перекладіть речення

1. It is worth while discussing this matter.

2. Take it seriously. It might help.

3. It is not at all easy to put it into practice.

4. It will be of no use to transfer more money than needed.

5. It is thought that this approach will be more helpful.

6. We hope this decision will make it only difficult to attract the savings of the population.

7. In our case it is a usual procedure.

8. It was the first price rise that emptied the shops' counters back in 1991.

Вправа 23. Перекладіть речення

1. The idea that was put forward by the managing director did not seem to be right.

2. The suggestion was made that all the departments were represented on an equal basis.

3. Their wages were so low that there was no use to start this campaign.

4. That the commercial would do no harm was obvious.

5. The idea behind it is that we might reduce the time for this operation.

6. It was not until the Euro was introduced that the EU countries harmonized mutual settlements.

7. The paper that was presented by a visiting lecturer from the UK aroused great interest.

8. The dollar value of wages in the Baltics is higher than that in the other former Soviet Union republics.

Вправа 24. Перекладіть речення

1. The extent to which all the components are involved depends on the situation.

2. Pierre and Marie Curie were mostly engaged in researching radioactive elements, in which field they made most essential discoveries.

3. Factors are investigated which play an important role in the process under study.

4. The economic growth was substantial, which is due to the production volume.

5. The way in which this was achieved is not exactly what we have in mind.

Вправа 25. Перекладіть речення

1. What I have tried to do is to give an analysis of the situation.

2. What really matters is the attitude to the problem.

3. What approach is the best should be decided in advance.

4. We didn't know what the nature of this phenomenon was.

5. What was the formula you used in your calculation?

6. The answer will depend on what you decide.

7. If this is the norm, what about the other cases?

8. What followed was the study of possible solutions.

Вправа 26. Перекладіть речення з неологізмами

1. In the short period since the collapse of the USSR, there have been formed new relations in the region.

1. The only legal place available for gambling is a casino.

2. As the time passed, we were able to see the changes.

3. It is difficult to believe it, for so many attempts have been made.

4. It was their only chance to be involved in the project.

2. As we are to take four exams in this coming session, I don't think I'll be able to join you.

5. Both these countries have like tendencies of development.

3. Macroeconomic stabilization is necessary; since it is the only way to market reforms.

Вправа 27. Передайте українською мовою

James Madison

John Quincy Adams

William Henry Harrison

John Tyler

Zachary Taylor

Millard Fillmore

Franklin Pierce

James Buchanan

James Garfield

Chester Arthur

Grover Cleveland

William McKinley

Woodrow Wilson

Calvin Coolidge

Dwight Eisenhower

William Howard Taft

Вправа 28. Передайте українською мовою

Philip Riley

Joshua Myers

Morris Woodley

George Ogden

Alan Headbloom

John Swales

Dudley-Evans

Lynne Wright

Jim Caswell

Heather Griswold

Merrill Bloor

Brian Cohen

Iris Murdock

Gene Flowers

Stephen Swan

David Banks

Ian Abercrombie

Walter Dyer

Joan Morley

Walter Hartright

Cheryl Hymes

Dorothy McNeil

Todd Lawrence

Garry Sweeney

Eugene O'Neil

Sheila Stone

Maxwell Burt

Sam Oakland

J. Middleton

Hugh Cotter

Вправа 29. Передайте українською мовою

Los Angeles Times

Daily Telegraph

The Christian Science Monitor

U.S. News and World Report

The Herald Tribune

Finance and Development

Political Affairs

The Independent

Daily Mirror

The Guardian

Readers Digest

Fortune

Journal of Psychology

Business Central Europe

The Observer

Automotive World

Heathrow

Newark

Waterloo Station

Union Station

Gatwick

J.F. Kennedy International

Paddington

Euston

General Motors Corporation

AT&T

The World Health Organization

Chase Manhattan Corporation

British Petroleum Company

The UN General Assembly

General Electric

Ford Union

The House of Commons

Waterhouse Corporation

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

Crysler Corp.

Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS)

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

Thomas Cook & Bros.

Kentucky Fried Chicken Corp. (KFC)

Milwaukee

Freetown

Dorsetshire

South Carolina

New Jersey

Hudson Bay

Nova Scotia

New Brunswick

Gulf of Mexico

Mediterranean Sea

Ulster

Cardiff

Wyoming

Hampton Court

Dorsetshire

New Hampshire

Iowa

Utah

Bath

Pebble Beach

St. Lawrence River

Sutherland

Greenwich

North Yorkshire

Delaware

Pacific Grove

Easter Island

Rode Island

Birmingham

Ivory Coast

Regent Street

The Strand

Lincoln Square

Taft Avenue

Cromwell Road

Cherry Lane

Wigmore Street

Whitehall

Sloane Square

Thayer Street

Pall Mall

Wellington Terrace

Charing Cross Rd.

Fleet Street

East Lake Drive