Vocabulary

definition – визначення

outlet – віддушина

budding – що подає надію

pastime – розвага

endeavour – спроба, зусилля

intertwine – переплітатися

enhance – підносити (якість)

wire – зв’язувати дротом

aesthetic – естетичний

pattern – зразок, шаблон, візерунок

deity – божественність

specimen – екземпляр

meticulously – ретельно

essential – істотний, головний

dwarf – карлик, заважати ростові

alcove – ніша, альтанка

endurance – стійкість

3. Find the stem in the following words; point out prefixes and suffixes. Translate the words into Ukrainian.

outlet, confusion, dwarfed, properly, outlive, untrue, comparison, Japanese, intertwined, meditation, expression, naturally, stunted, transplanted, container, repotting, growth, physically, independent, asymmetry, symbolically, triangular, visual, relationship, universal, goodness, generation, reminder, meticulously, artistic, suitable, essentially, regardless, personal, intervention, exception, influential, primarily, outdoors, indoors, personalized, enjoyment, commitment, patience, endurance, beginner

4. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following word combinations:

budding enthusiasts, the same species, horticultural endeavour, life-sized brothers, stunted trees, desired shape, a separate entity, positioned off-center, aesthetic principle, triangular pattern, visual balance, life-giving energy, proper care, prized specimens, appropriate container, leafed varieties, influential symbols, artistic objects, an expensive commitment

5. Choose suitable headings for the seven sections of the text from this list. There is one heading you do not need to use. Write the section numbers in the spaces.

The trees traditionally used in bonsai _____

The meaning of bonsai to the Japanese _____

Root formation is the most important in the design _____

Is the age important? _____

Some myths associated with bonsai __1___

There are no strict rules to abide by _____

The starting material for growing bonsai _____

Essential aesthetic principles _____

6. Fill in the prepositions:

in, of, by, up to, on, with, out of, over

myths associated ………… bonsai ………… the wild

strict rules to abide ………….. . ……….. special occasions

to gain enjoyment ………… the hobby …………… 25 centimetres tall

………..1 metre in hight bonsai is physically independent ……… the earth

7. Read the following text . Fill in each gap with one suitable word from the list:

most, flowering, dwarf, confinement, hobby, branches, art, tray

Bonsai is an ______of cultivating ornamental, artificially dwarfed trees and shrubs. The literal translation of bonsai is "plant in a______," but the practice of bonsai is more than the cultivation of ______ trees; rather it is a re-creation of nature in miniature. Although bonsai originated in China, Japan adopted it as an art form around the 8^th century. Western interest in bonsai only developed in the 20^th century, but the ______has increased in popularity in the West over the past 20 years.

The trees traditionally used in bonsai are pine, bamboo, maple, and juniper, together with ______shrubs, such as azalea. However, ______species of tree can be trained to create a bonsai. Bonsai trees are trained to grow into miniature forms that resemble their normal habits of growth through wiring, pruning, clipping, and root______, techniques that require an element of skill. A well-balanced bonsai design has an interesting root formation, a well-tapered trunk, a visually balanced arrangement of______, and a container that is in proportion to the tree.