4. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the Participles:

1. Can you see the girl dressed in red sitting in the corner? 2. People living in blocks of flats often complain of loneliness. 3. I spent the holiday reading. 4. I am interested in modern art. It is very interesting. 5. Books borrowed from the library must be returned in two weeks. 6. Walking down the High Street on Saturday, I saw Paul. 7. Not understanding Albert’s question, I was unable to give him an answer. 8. I hurt my leg playing football. 9. On my camera, there is a sticker which says made in Japan. 10. On the wall, there was some graffiti written in big black letters. 11. I had a long talk with Jack, explaining why it was important for him to work hard. 12. There were Japanese tourists everywhere, taking photographs and buying souvenirs. 13. They are a very loving family and they give each other a lot of support. 14. The house is old but it’s very well-built. 15. My sister was very disappointed with her exam results. 16. Bee is a winged, flower-feeding insect with branched body hairs.

Speech exercises

1. Read the text again and answer the questions:

1. What is gardening according to the text?

2. What are the different approaches towards gardening?

3. What is the main difference between gardeners and farmers?

4. What was the main function of the gardens before AD 1500?

5. When did gardening for pleasure become widespread? What conditions were necessary for that?

2. Make a summary of the text making use of the following prompts:

Gardening is ...

Landscape gardeners design, ...

Unlike farmers, gardeners usually produce ...

For much of history, people relied on their gardens ...

Around AD 1500 many middle-class people began to ...

Today gardening is practised ...

The more gardeners apply what they learn, ...

SELECTING PLANTS

Plants differ in their tolerance for heat, cold, and moisture, so when selecting plants, gardeners must take into account(1) the climate of their region. Gardeners also evaluate the soil type and how much sunlight falls on the proposed site, factors that affect the types of plants that can be grown in a particular area. They consider, too, the plant’s life cycle—how long it takes a plant to grow, flower, produce fruits or seeds, and die. Annuals such as petunias bloom and produce seed the same year they are planted, then die when cold temperatures set in. Biennials—hollyhocks, for example—live for two years, producing just leaves the first year. In the second year they produce flowers, and die when the weather turns cold. Perennials, which include shrubs and trees as well as(2) flowers, are plants that live for three or more years.

From the plants adapted to a particular climate, soil, and light, gardeners can choose plants for their characteristic appeal. Some popular traits include easy care and attractiveness to butterflies, birds, and other wildlife. In temperate zones, desirable traits may include fall color and a feature such as colorful bark, which makes the plant interesting during the winter, when leaves and flowers are absent.

A gardener can experiment with a stunning diversity of interesting garden styles and types. Herb gardens may feature culinary herbs, medicinal herbs, and fragrant herbs. Flower gardens may combine a variety of flowering plants or focus on just one type, such as roses, white-flowered plants, or flowers that bloom only at night. Specialized gardens include rock or alpine gardens, which display plants native to mountains, and water gardens, which host plants adapted to wet conditions. Botanical gardens are designed to display plants for scientific and educational purposes, and in these gardens, the plants are often labeled with their names and their optimal growing conditions.

Notes

1. take into account – враховувати

2. as well as – а також

ЗАПАМ’ЯТАЙТЕ! В словосполученнях, що складаються з двох ( flower garden) або декількох іменників (plant’s life cycle), основним елементом завжди є останнє слово, а попереднє (попередні) є його означенням (означеннями). Такі словосполучення слід перекладати, встановлюючи зв’язки зправа наліво і підбираючи ті засоби, які відповідають нормам мови, на яку ви перекладаєте. Так, наведені вище словосполучення перекладаються відповідно як квітковий сад і життєвий цикл рослин.

Vocabulary

moisture – вологість

evaluate – оцінювати

site – місце розташування

consider – враховувати

annual – однолітня рослина; щорічний

biennial – дворічна рослина

perennial – багаторічна рослина

appeal - привабливість

trait – характерна риса

desirable - бажаний

bark – кора

stunning – приголомшуючий

diversity – різноманітність

herb – трава

alpine – альпійський

Vocabulary exercises

1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:

moisture, region, evaluate, cycle, annual, biennial, perennial, characteristic, desirable, diversity, alpine

2. Find the stem in the following words; point out suffixes. Translate the words into Ukrainian:

desirable, attractiveness, colorful, diversity, botanical, scientific, educational

2. Form adjectives with the help of the given suffixes. Translate the words into Ukrainian:

-able: favour, predict, enjoy, change, move, eat, understand

-ful: delight, thank, use, duty, care, peace, power, success, thought, help

-ic: acid, history, economy, metal, base

-al: function, profession, nation, ornament, music, nature, practice, culture

-y: health, bone, salt, ice, ease, rain, snow, wave, fun, sun, taste, luck

2. Practise in translating the following word combinations:

soil type, fall color, garden styles and types, herb / rock / water gardens

2. Fill in the synonyms:

trait, bloom, take into account, area, select, attractiveness

choose .............................. consider ..............................

appeal .............................. region .................................

flower ............................... feature ................................