1. In the text the Infinitive of Purpose is used five times. Find it and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.

Speech exercises

1. Make a summary of the text.

Over to you:

1. What is gardening for you – enjoyment, recreation or just hard and boring work?

2. What is your idea of a good gardener / landscape designer? What must he know / be able to do?

Botanical garden

In a Botanical Garden plants are grown and displayed primarily for scientific and educational purposes. A botanical garden consists chiefly of a collection of living plants, grown out-of-doors or under glass in greenhouses and conservatories. It usually includes, in addition, a collection of dried plants, or herbarium, and such facilities as lecture rooms, laboratories, libraries, museums, and experimental or research plantings.

The plants may be arranged according to one or more subdivisions of botanical science. The arrangements may be systematic (by plant classification), ecological (by relation to environment), or geographic (by region of origin). The larger botanical gardens often include special groupings, such as rock gardens, water gardens, wildflower gardens, and collections of horticultural groups produced by plant breeding, such as roses, tulips, or rhododendrons. A plantation restricted to exhibits of woody plants is called an arboretum.

One of the earliest botanical gardens for the study of plants was established in ancient Athens about 340 bc by Aristotle and run by his pupil Theophrastus. The oldest public botanical gardens in the world are those established at Pisa, Italy, in 1543; at Padua, Italy, in 1545; at Paris in 1635; and at Berlin in 1679. In the 16th and 17th centuries, herbalists cultivated medicinal herbs in private gardens. In 1673, the Society of Apothecaries planted the Chelsea Physic Garden in London to provide materials for research and medicine. The first experimental botanical garden in the United States was established by the American botanist John Bartram near Philadelphia in 1728.

Almost every major city has a botanical garden. The Royal Botanic Gardens, better known as Kew Gardens, near London, founded in 1759, is the largest in the world. Experiments and research done there have led to the transplanting of commercially productive crops, such as rubber, from their native habitats to other parts of the world.

Vocabulary

greenhouse - теплиця

conservatory – оранжерея

horticulture – садівництво

Vocabulary exercises

1. Practise the pronunciation of the following words:

primarily, science, scientific, purpose, conservatory, herbarium, facilities, arrangement, environment, horticultural, rhododendrone, arboretum, ancient, research, commercially

2. Find the stem in the following words; point out prefixes and suffixes. Translate the words into Ukrainian:

Botanical, primarily, scientific, educational, chiefly, collection, usually, addition, experimental, subdivision, arrangement, systematic, classification, ecological, environment, geographic, horticultural, plantation, woody, herbalist, medicinal, American, botanist, transplanting, commercially, productive

Speech exercises

1. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the main purpose of a botanical garden?

2. What does a botanical garden chiefly consist of?

3. What other features can it include?

4. How may the plants be arranged?

5. What can a larger botanical garden include?

6. When and where were the earliest botanical gardens established? What was their purpose?

7. Where are the largest botanical gardens situated?

2. Make a summary of the text.