Pennsylvania

Farmers have tilled the fertile soil of southern Pennsylvania since the 1600’s. As soon as William Penn proclaimed “the foundation of a free colony for all mankind,” his Quaker Brethren arrived from England and Wales to clear the land for crops. An official policy of religious tolerance then drew Germans. So industrious were these “Pennsylvania Deutsch” that southeastern Pennsylvania became one of the colonial America’s most important breadbaskets.

Philadelphia was and is the metropolis of eastern Pennsylvania. Overlooked today by a statue of William Penn high a top City Hall, the city was laid out in 1682. The orderly green town became the birthplace of America’s independence.

If crossing Pennsylvania by land was difficult, it was impossible by water no east-west river system crosses the state. Nevertheless, rivers have been of critical importance to Pennsylvania. The Delaware gave Philadelphia access to the sea; the Lehigh carried coal and iron ore from the Appalachians to the foundries of Bethlehem; the Susquehanna linked Pennsylvania farmlands with Chesapeake Bay. But perhaps the most important water route is at Pittsburgh, where the Allegheny and the Monongahela rivers come together to form the Ohio River, the great migration and trade route to the West. Pittsburgh was the “Gateway to the West”. When its role in migration of pioneers was finished, the city gained renown and wealth as the foremost manufacturer of steel. Until the 1970’s, factories lined the banks of its three rivers for miles on end.

Pennsylvania was the second state to ratify Constitution in 1787.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 2

ВАРИАНТ 4.

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите видовременные формы глаголов и залог; укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык /см. образец выполнения I/.

1. In Great Britain the first day of the week is Sunday, and the last day is Saturday.

2. He has never been to London.

3. In two years the young men will graduate from the University.

4. They are studying many subjects now.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык причастий /ParticipleІ и ParticipleII/. Подчеркните причастия. Помните, что причастие в предложении может выполнять функции определения, обстоятельства или составной части глагола-сказуемого /см. образец выполнения 2/.

1. The Congress was attended by delegations from many countries representing a lot of people.

2. Looking at the map one can see that Great Britain is separated from the European continent by the North Sea and the English Channel.

3. While working at a large plant in Glasgow he was elected for the conference.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; переведите предложения на русский язык /см. образец выполнения 3/.

1. Great Britain was able to create a powerful heavy industry earlier than any other country.

2. The British home market /Британский внутренний рынок/ cannot consume more than half of the produced goods. New markets abroad must be found.

3. During the debates he had to change his point of view.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на многозначность it, that,one.

1. The territory of Great Britain is smaller than that of the USA.

2. London іs situated on the Thames which connects the city with the sea and makes it a big sea port.

3. One can see great changes in the scientific investigations of the last century.

V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язик текст.

IOWA

The very word Iowa stands as a virtual synonym for America’s agricultural heritage and bounty. Only California and Texas, which are several times Iowa’s size, exceeds the state in the value of farm products. And more than any other state, Iowa still represents Thomas Jefferson’s ideal nation of well-educated farmers. It boasts both the greatest number of farms of any state except Texas and the highest literacy rate in the nation.

Despite its image as a state of farmers, Iowa’s town and city-dwellers outnumber farm residents by almost 10 to 1. They live in places like Des Moines, Iowa’s capital and a major center of the insurance industry; Cedar Rapids, home of one of the nation’s largest cereal mills. But the heart and soul of Iowa resides in its rural towns-more than 1,000 of them scattered across the state.

A rolling celebration of Iowa’s small towns occurs each July; when about 10,000 bicyclists from all over the country ride clear across the state. The week-long event, called Ragbrai (an acronym for the sponsoring Des Moines Register’s Annual Great Bicycle Ride Across Iowa) serves up a smorgasbord of Midwestern specialties. Ragbrai riders are apt to encounter, say, a pig roast in Pisgah, Danish pancakes in Kimbalton, a beer tent in Belle Plaine, and corn on the cob in Exira.

The first electronic digital computer was built in 1939 in Iowa State University, at Ames, by Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff.

Iowa was admitted to the Union in 1846 as the 29th state.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 2

ВАРИАНТ 5

I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определить видовременные формы глаголов и залог; укажите их инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык /см. образец выполнения 1/.

1. I enjoyed all the stories in this book.

2. He will not wake up till nine.

3. My friend always speaks so quickly that nobody can understand him.

4. You will have finished your test before the bell rings.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык причастий (Participle I и Participle I). Подчеркните причастия. Помните, что причастие в предложении может выполнять функции определения, обстоятельства или составной части глагола - сказуемого /см. образец выполнения 2/.

1. Delegates passed a resolution calling for the holding of a special conference.

2. While being quite young he was interested in poetry.

3. Reading the book you gave me yesterday I found a lot of new words.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; переведите предложения на русский язык / см. образец выполнения 3/.

1. His life was full of difficulties which he had to overcome.

2. It should be stressed that universal and lasting peace can be established only if it is based on social justice.

3. This problem must be discussed at once.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на многозначность it, that, one.

1. I enjoyed all these films except the last one.

2. The conference took place last month. It was of great importance.

3. We can do that after.

V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.