Words and word-combinations

promotion of legality — забезпечення законності

to attest contracts — завіряти контракти

to provide for by the law — передбачити законом

to possess the right — мати право

to certify — завіряти

Indisputable right — безспірне право

civil offences — цивільні правопорушення

transaction — угода

hereditary right — право спадкування

applicant — заявник

gift — дарування

‘The Bar”

The Ukrainian Bar is a voluntary professional public association of lawyers. According to the Constitution it is called upon to facilitate the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, institutions and organizations, to ensure the observance and promotion of legality and administration of justice. The Bar represents legal interests of Ukrainian and foreign citizens.

The work of a lawyer is various. He may act as a defense counsel during pre-trial investigation and in court, representing interests of the plaintiff and defendant in civil and criminal cases. Lawyers provide qualified legal assistance to state establishments, enterprises and public organizations. At the request of citizens they draw up various applications, complaints and other legal documents, give consul­tations on legal matters. But they themselves have no right to decide any legal issue.

At the trial the lawyer is an active participant: he takes part in questioning the defendant and witnesses, submits evidence and at the end of the court hearing he pronounces his speech for the defense. Lawyers are also entitled to appeal against a court jud­gement in a higher court. They take an active part in legal pro­ceedings on housing, labor, property and other disputes, repre­senting interests of their clients. While discharging numerous and complicated duties, lawyers render legal aid to citizens or legal persons and assist in the administration of justice in strict con­formity with the law.

Citizens of Ukraine can discharge the functions of lawyers if they have higher legal education, at least two years of work experience, have passed the qualification examination, received lawyer’s certificate and taken lawyer’s oath.

People who have been convicted by court and who do not possess high moral and professional qualities cannot serve as lawyers. Lawyers cannot work in court, Prosecutor’s Office, notary bodies, Ministry of the Interior and Security Service of Ukraine.

Lawyers may work individually, open law offices, join into asso­ciations, firms and so on.

Words and word-combinations

the Bar — адвокатура; voluntary — добровільний; to ensure — забезпечити; observance — дотримання; to promote — сприяти; legality — законність; plaintiff — позивач; witness — свідок; complaint — скарга; to discharge — виконувати (обов’язок); application — заява; housing dispute — житловий спір; labor dispute — трудовий спір; property dispute — майновий спір;