41. Stylistically marked and stylist. Neutral words.

There are words equally fit to be used in a lecture, a poem, or when speaking to a child. Some words have some stylistic colouring, typical for a particular style of speech or level of formality. These words are stylistically marked, contrasted with words used independently of the sphere of communication – stylistically neutral.(such words are devoid of any emotive colouring and are used in their denotative meaning: man,sky,table,go,street,long,never)

42. Formal style. Learned (bookish) words, archaic words and professional terminology.

Formal style -a broad term for speech or writing marked by an impersonal, objective, and precise use of language. A formal prose style is typically used in scholarly books and articles, technical reports, research papers, and legal documents.

Bookish words belong to the formal style and used in descriptive passages of fiction, scientific texts, radio and television announcements, official talks and documents, business correspondence. As a rule, these words are mostly of foreign origin and have poly-morphemic structure (paternal, divergent, commence, solitude, comprise)

Archaisms words are obsolete names for existing things, actions, phenomena...All of them can be replaced by neutral synonyms: hark – listen, deem-think, glee-joy, aught-anything. Among archaic words one should distinguish historical words that denote no-longer existing objects(yeoman,Fletcher,gleeman,galleon,visor,arbalernt..historical words have no neutral synonyms in modern eng.

Most professions have specialized vocabularies. People who work in those professions know, understand, and use terms that may not be used by the general population. Additionally, words that may have a certain meaning in one context may have a different meaning when used by members of a certain profession. For example, for our profession we use words: allegory elegy metaphor,quatrain,alliteration ,end-rhyme, meter, realism,allusion, metonymy, ambiguity monologue ,Shakespearean sonnet, anachronism.

43. Informal style. Colloquial words, slang and dialect words.

Informal style – a broad term for speech or writing marked by a casual, familiar, and generally colloquial use of language.

Colloquial words - words or phrases appropriate to conversation and other informal situations. Some examples of informal colloquialisms can include words (such as "y'all" or "gonna" or "wanna"), phrases (such as "old as the hills" and "graveyard dead"), or sometimes even an entire aphorism ("There's more than one way to skin a cat"). Granny disco, baby-sit make-up,daily,awfully glad terribly sweet...

Slang is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's language or dialect but are considered acceptable in certain social settings. Slang expressions may act as euphemisms and may be used as a means of identifying with one's peers. (The Bomb --- Very cool. Bung - To bung something means to throw it. Cheers - This word is obviously used when drinking with friends. Dull - boring. Get lost! - Politely translated as go away.)

Dialectal words are those, which in the process of integration of the English national language remained beyond its literary boundaries, and their use is generally confined to a definite locality.

44. Slang is the use of informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speaker's language or dialect but are considered acceptable in certain social settings. Slang expressions may act as euphemisms and may be used as a means of identifying with one's peers. (The Bomb --- Very cool. Bung - To bung something means to throw it. Cheers - This word is obviously used when drinking with friends. Dull - boring. Get lost! - Politely translated as go away.)

45. Colloquial words - words or phrases appropriate to conversation and other informal situations. Some examples of informal colloquialisms can include words (such as "y'all" or "gonna" or "wanna"), phrases (such as "old as the hills" and "graveyard dead"), or sometimes even an entire aphorism ("There's more than one way to skin a cat").Colloquialisms are often used primarily within a limited geographical area, known by linguists to spread through normal conversational interaction of a language, although more often now through informal online interaction. A common example given is the regional term used by people when describing a carbonated soft drink. In the Midwestern United States and Canada, it is commonly called "pop", while in the Northeastern and Western United States, it is referred to as "soda". In the Southern United States, it is called "Coke". Some southerners even refer to soft drinks as "dope." In New England it is occasionally called "tonic." In some areas of Scotland it is referred to as "ginger".