1. Curative liners

• Zinc-eugenol cements (ZOE)

• Ca(OH)₂-salycylate cements

Basic requirements:

• stimulation of formation of reparative (secondary) dentine;

• antimicrobial action;

• anti-inflammatory action;

• not toxic for pulp;

• compatibility with other dental filling materials;

• easy to use.

Zinc-eugenol cements («Carуosan» («Spofa Dental», Chesh Republic); «Cavitec» («Kerr», USA); «Kalsogen Plus» («Dentsply», USA); «Zinoment» («Voco», Germany).)

Composition:

• powder - zinc oxide;

• liquid - purified eugenol or Carnation oil (70-85% of eugenol).

Advantages:

• effective hermetic sealing of carious cavities;

• antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action;

• stimulation of reparative function of pulp.

Disadvantages:

• low mechanical strength;

• high solubility in oral fluids;

• slows down polymerization of composite materials;

• irritating action to pulp in case of direct pulp capping;

• eugenol is potential allergen.

Application:

Mixing (4 parts of powder + 1 part of liquid) is performed at smooth surface of glass plate with metal spatula during 45-60 seconds to formation of homogenous tight mass. Cement mass is introduced into the cavity and condensed with plugger. ZOE temporary filling can be left in the caries cavity for 1-3 months. ZOE curative liner is applied to the whole bottom of the cavity and it must be covered with isolating liner if composite is used for filling.

Ca(OH)₂-salycylate cements (self-cured materials («Calxyd» («Spofa Dental», Chesh Republic); «Dycal» («Dentsply», USA); «Calcimol» («Voco», Germany); light-cured materials («Calcimol LC» («Voco», Germany); «Ultra Blend Plus» («Ultradent», USA)

Advantages:

• stimulation of remineralization of carious dentine;

• stimulation of formation of reparative (secondary) dentine;

• antimicrobial action;

• fast hardening;

• easy to use.

Disadvantages:

• high solubility in oral and dentine fluids;

• high solubility in acids;

• low mechanical strength;

• plastic deformation.

Application:

• self-cured materials: Equal parts of both paste are mixed at the paper pad until the colour of paste will be stabile. Then it is applied topically only in projection of pulp horn and after hardening it must be covered with isolating liner.

• light-cured materials: Paste is applied to the whole bottom of the cavity (thickness of the layer of paste is 1 mm) and it then it must be light-cured during 20-40 seconds and covered with isolating liner.

2. Isolating liners

• Zinc-phosphate cements;

• Zinc-polycarboxylate cements;

• Glassionomer cements;

• Compomers;

• Isolating varnishes.

Basic requirements:

• biologically inert;

• easy to use;

• good adhesion to hard dental tissues;

• has no influence on properties of main filling materials.

Zinc-polycarboxylate cements («Belocor» («VladMiVa»; Russia); «Adhesor Carbofine» («Spofa Dental», Chesh Republic); «Carboco» («Voco», Germany).)

Composition:

• powder - zinc oxide with 1-5 % of magnesium oxide;

• liquid – 30-50% water solution of polyacryle acid or copolymer of acryle acids.

Advantages:

• chemical adhesion to hard dental tissues and to metals;

• high biocompatibility with tooth tissues;

• contrast at X-rays;

• easy to work.

Disadvantages:

• high solubility in oral fluids;

• not sufficient mechanical strength;

• poor esthetics.