Indications for use:

• filling of caries cavities of classes III and V in permanent teeth;

• restoration of non-vital deciduous teeth.

Mixing: 1 part of powder + 2 drops of liquid

Mixing is performed at smooth surface of glass plat with plastic spatula. Metal spatula can’t be used because of abrasive properties of cement’s powder that lead to contamination of cement mass with metal particles. Powder is divided into 2 equal parts (1/2) and one of 1/2 part is also divided into 2 parts (1/4). All the parts of powder (1/2, 1/4, 1/4) must be consequentially added to the liquid and mixed during 1 minute. Surface of correctly mixed cement mass must be smooth and glossy. When we take off spatula from cement mass it forms strings of 1-2 mm in length. Cement mass should be introduced into the cavity with 1 or 2 portions and condensed. Modeling of filling – 1-1,5 minutes. Initial hardening – 3-8 minutes. Finishing and polishing should be done in 1-2 days after filling.

Silico-phosphate cements («Silidont-2» («Medpolymer», Russia); «Lactodont» («Medpolymer», Russia); «Beladont» («VladMiVa»; Russia); "Infantid" («Spofa Dental», Chesh Republic); «Lumikor Cement» («GC», Japan).)

Composition:

• powder – mix of powders from zinc-phosphate (5-40%) and silicate (60-95%) cements;

• liquid – solution of orthophosphoric acid containing aluminum and zinc.

Advantages:

• mechanical strength is better than those of zinc-phosphate and silicate cements;

• less fragility than those of zinc-phosphate and silicate cements;

• better adhesion than those of silicate cements;

• factor of thermal expansion is maximally similar to factor of thermal expansion of enamel and dentine;

• moderately contrast at X-rays;

• anti-carious action.

Disadvantages:

• not sufficient mechanical strength;

• not sufficient esthetics;

• solubility in oral fluids;

• high toxicity to pulp (because of high acidity of cement mass after mixing (pH=1,6) which lasts for 24 hours) that’s why they can be used only with isolating liners.

Indications for use:

• filling of small cavities of classes I and II in permanent teeth;

• filling of cavities of class V in permanent molars and premolars if esthetics can be denied;

• filling of cavities of classes I-V in deciduous teeth.

Mixing: 3 parts of powder + 3-4 drops of liquid

Mixing is performed at smooth surface of glass plat with metal spatula. Small portions of powder are added to the liquid and mixed during 1-1,5 minutes. Surface of correctly mixed cement mass must be mat. When we take off spatula from cement mass it forms strings of 1 mm in length. Cement mass should be introduced into the cavity with 1 or 2 portions and condensed. Modeling of filling – 1 minute. Time of hardening in the oral cavity – 4-9 minutes.

Glassionomer cements

Composition (classic glassionomer cements):

• powder – fluoride-alumino-silicate glass (silicone oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium fluoride), Al₂O₃/SiO₂=1:2, fluoride content is up to 23% by mass;

• liquid – water solution of copolymer of polyacrylic acids.

Advantages:

• chemical adhesion to dentine and to the majority of dental materials;

• high biocompatibility with tooth tissues (non-toxic) because large molecules of polyacrylic acids can’t diffuse into the pulp chamber through dentinal tubules and irritate pulp;

• anti-carious action (release of fluoride and its remineralizing and antibacterial action);

• sufficient mechanical strength and elasticy;

• low thermal conductivity;

• contrast at X-rays;

• factor of thermal expansion is similar to that of enamel and dentine;

• low solubility after hardening.

Disadvantages:

• slow hardening;

• fragility;

• low strength to abrasion;

• insufficient esthetics (low transparency);

• susceptible to lack and excess of moisture, so its surface after filling must be isolated with varnish.