Контрольное задание №2 (Вариант 1) (“abt”)

I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

а) 1. Internet has already entered our ordinary life and now embraces hundreds of millions of users all over the world.

2. Students of this group are studying different types of computer software.

б) 1. Computers are used for the storage and handling of data, secret governmental files and so on.

2. A computer's memory is a list of cells into which numbers may be placed or read.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функцию каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming power as several hundred modern personal computers.

2. The information stored in memory may represent practically anything.

3. Programming languages provide various ways of specifying programs for computers to run.

4. Many computers surf the Internet as clients downloading the data.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. A typical modern computer can execute billions of instructions every second and nearly never make a mistake over years of operation.

2. Some computers may divide their work between one or more separate CPUs.

3. A modern personal computer can complete the task in about a millionth of a second.

4. Everyone should have the Internet because of its near communication and huge amount of information.

IV. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык … Перепишите и переведите … Programs

Modern computers can be programmed, while other machines cannot be programmed. The computer gets a list of instructions (program) and it will store them and carry them out in the future.

Usually computer instructions are simple: add one number to another, move some data from one location to another, send a message to some external device, etc. These instructions are read from the computer's memory and are generally carried out in the order they were given. However, there are different specialized instructions, which are more complicated.

A computer program might include from a dozen instructions to many millions of instructions for a word processor or a web browser. A typical modern computer executes billions of instructions every second. Computer programmers work hard at large computer programs for many years and nevertheless most of the programs contain errors.Sometimes the errors do not affect the usefulness of the program, in other cases they might cause the program to completely fail. These errors are usually not the fault of the computer, but nearly always the result of programmer error or a mistake in the program's design.

In most computers, individual instructions are stored as machine code. Each instruction has a unique number. The simplest computers are able to perform several different instructions, the more complex computers can perform several hundred of operations. Since the computer's memory is able to store numbers, it can also store the instruction codes. This leads to the important fact that entire programs (which are just lists of instructions) can be represented as lists of numbers.