- •Английский язык для студентов энергетического факультета учебное пособие
- •Introduction
- •Words and word combinations:
- •C ontinuous, or analog signal
- •Discontinuous, or digital signals
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Telephone lines
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Unsheathed copper wires – не обшитые медные провода
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •The development of cables
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •The Atlantic telegraph cable
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •The spread of telephone cables
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text. Text 7 Recent developments
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Retell the text.
- •Types of cables
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Conductors – проводники
- •Interference occurs when a conductor picks up stray electricity from other conductors or from the air. Insulation is made from such multiconductor materials as plastic and paper pulp.
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Coaxial cables
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Coaxial cables – коаксиальный кабель
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 10
- •Fiber optics
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 11
- •Asynchronous and Synchronous
- •Transmission
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Asynchronous Transmission
- •Synchronous Data Transmission
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 12
- •Simplex, Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex Traffic
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 13
- •Data Transmission Media
- •Words and word combinations:
- •To get from here to there – доставлять от сюда туда
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 14
- •Microwave Systems
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 15
- •Satellite System
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 16
- •Data communications Hardware
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Modems Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 17
- •Multiplexers, Concentrators, and Controllers
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Transmission without multiplexer
- •Transmission with multiplexer
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 18
- •Front-End Processors
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Protocol and Protocol Converters
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 19
- •Communications Networks: Connectivity
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 20
- •Network configurations
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 21
- •Star Network
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Bus network
- •Ring Network Words and word combinations:
- •Ring network
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text.
- •Text 23
- •Token Ring Network
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
- •Token ring network
- •3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
- •4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •5. Retell the text. Text 24 Communications Services,
- •Words and word combinations:
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Translate these sentences into your native language:
- •3. Retell the text.
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary
- •1.Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •3.Give the definitions.
- •4. Put questions to the following sentences
- •Text 2 Electric Charge
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •3. Give the definitions.
- •4. Put questions to the following sentences
- •Vocabulary.
- •Exercises
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •3. Give the definitions.
- •4. Put questions to the following sentences
- •Exercises
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •3.Give the definitions.
- •4. Put questions to the following sentences
- •Exercises
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •3.Give the definitions.
- •4. Put questions to the following sentences
- •Exercises
- •1 .Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •3. Put questions to the following sentences.
- •Exercises
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •3. Put questions to the following sentences.
- •Text 8 Light. How Light Works
- •Vocabulary.
- •Exercises:
- •Text 9 Ways of Thinking about Light
- •Exercises:
- •Text 10 What is Light?
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •3. Put questions to the following sentences.
- •Text 11 Frequencie
- •Vocabulary
- •So light waves come in a continuous variety of sizes, frequencies and energies. We refer to this continuum as the electromagnetic spectrum. Exercises:
- •Text 12
- •Exercises:
- •Text 13 Electrical network Design methods
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •3. Put questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the Definitions.
- •5. Retell the text. Text 14 Electrical laws
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •3. Put questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Retell the text. Text 15 Network simulation software
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •4. Retell the text. Text 16 Electrical conduction. Solids
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises:
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •2. Complete the sentences.
- •3. Put questions to the following sentences.
- •4. Give the definitions.
- •5. Retell the text. Text 17 Metals
- •Vocabulary.
- •Exercises
- •Text 18 Semiconductors. Superconductors
- •Text 19 Electrolytes
- •1.Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •3.Put questions to the following sentences.
- •4.Retell the text. Text 20 Gases and plasmas
- •Vocabulary.
- •1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •3. Put questions to the following sentences.
- •4.Retell the text. Text 21: Vacuum.
- •Vocabulary
- •1.Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases.
- •3.Put questions to the following sentences.
- •4.Give the definitions.
- •5.Retell the text.
- •Grammar reference
- •Participle II.
- •Причастие II
- •The Present Perfect tense Настоящее время группы Perfect
- •3.Употребление
- •The Past Perfect tense. Прошедшее совершенное время
- •Формы глагола в Past Perfect
- •Future Perfect tense. Будущее совершенное время
- •Формы глагола в Future Perfect tense
- •Complex Object. Конструкция ”сложное дополнение”
- •The Passive Voice Страдательный залог
- •Косвенный пассив
- •Предложный пассив
- •Infinitive of the Passive Voice Инфинитив страдательного залога
- •Sequence of Tenses (Согласование времен)
- •Reported speech. Косвенная речь.
- •Reported Questions Вопросы в косвенной речи
- •Subjunctive mood. Сослагательное наклонение
- •Образование форм сослагательного наклонения.
- •Употребление сослагательного наклонения.
- •Conditional sentences. Условные предложения
- •Interrogative sentences. Вопросительные предложения
- •Специальный вопрос.
- •Альтернативный вопрос.
- •Разделительный вопрос.
- •Linking words. (1) Слова – связки (1)
- •E.G.: I wake up at 7.00 and I switch on the radio.
- •Linking words (2) Слова – связки (2)
- •The Infinitive.
- •I heard him sing – я слышал, как он поет.
- •Инфинитивные формы времени и залога.
- •Употребление инфинитива.
- •Инфинитив как член предложения.
- •The Gerund. Герундий. Герундиальные формы времени и залога.
- •Употребление герундия.
- •Герундий как член предложения.
- •Irregular verbs
- •Bibliograhpy
Reported Questions Вопросы в косвенной речи
1. При переводе прямого вопроса в косвенной он превращается в дополнительное придаточное предложение. Вопросительный порядок слов заменяется порядком слов повествовательного предложения – глагол- сказуемое ставится после подлежащего. Личные и притяжательные местоимения заменяются по смыслу.
2. Если в главном предложении глагол-сказуемое стоит в форме прошедшего времени, то в косвенном вопросе необходимо соблюдать правила согласования времен.
3. При переводе общих вопросов в косвенные они присоединяются к главному предложению с помощью союзов if или whether, которые переводятся на русский язык частицей ли.
e.g.: John asked the secretary whether Mr. Brown had come back. Джон спросил секретаря, вернулся ли г-н Браун.
Примечание: При передаче в косвенной речи ответов на общие вопросы слова yes и no опускаются.
e.g.: He answered, “Yes, I can” (“No. I can’t.”) – He answered that he could (he couldn’t).
4. Специальные вопросы в косвенной речи вводятся соответствующими вопросительными словами.
e.g.: He asked Jane, “Who won the last swimming event?” – He asked Jane who had the previous swimming event.
She asked Bill, “How old is John’s father?” – She asked Bill how old John’s father was.
5. Если прямую речь вводит глагол to say, то в косвенной речи он заменяется глаголами to ask, to wonder, to want to know.
e.g.: She said, “John, when are you leaving?” – She asked John (she wondered, she wanted to know) when he was leaving.
Direct Questions |
Reported Questions |
|||
He asked me,
|
General Questions |
|||
“Is Mr. Smith a doctor?” “Is it raining now?” “Have you finished the poem?” “Did you enjoy the film?” “Will she join us?” “May I speak to you after lunch?” |
He asked me |
if
whether |
Mr. Smith was a doctor? it was raining then. I had finished the poem.
they had enjoyed the film.
she would join us. he might speak to me after lunch. |
|
He asked me,
|
Special Questions |
|||
“What are you doing now” “What foreign languages does Peter know?” “Whose team lost the game yesterday?” “When will you go to see your mother?” “Where are they now?” |
He asked me
|
what I was doing then.
what foreign languages Peter knew. whose team had lost the game the day before. when I would go to see my mother. where they were then. |
||
