- •Financial market: notion, structure and infrastructure.
- •Notion, functions, types of financial intermediaries. Financial intermediaries in Russia.
- •International foreign exchange market: functions, participants, operations.
- •Foreign exchange risks: definition, types, insurance methods.
- •3 Types of currency risk:
- •Definition and types of exchange rates. Exchange rate forecasting, currency parity. Factors of exchange rates.
- •Foreign exchange regulation: purposes and instruments.
- •International securities market: definition, structure, participants.
- •Financial system of a country: structure, interrelation between the elements.
- •Budgetary system of a country: principles of construction, structure, Russian and foreign experience.
- •12. State budget revenues and expenditures.
- •Income distribution
- •13. Public debt and sources of its formation.
- •14. Federal budget of the Russian Federation: revenues, expenditures, modern peculiarities.
- •Imf's main responsibilities:
- •2.1 Over the counter (otc) and exchange-traded derivatives
- •2.2 Forward contracts
- •2.3 Futures contracts and their difference to forwards
- •2.4 Options
- •2.5 Swaps
- •Interest rate swaps,
- •19. Securities market regulation in Russia and abroad.
- •20. Professional activity on securities market.
- •21. The problem of risk and the notion of insurance. Functions of insurance company.
- •Insurance aids economic development in at least seven ways.
- •22. Features of corporate insurance products. Commercial insurance.
- •23. Notion and purpose of reinsurance. Types of reinsurance contracts.
- •25. Obligatory and voluntary types of insurance in Russia and abroad.
- •Voluntary:
- •Voluntary:
- •27. Bank liquidity: notion, analysis, regulation.
- •29. Bank’s credit risks: methods of evaluation and minimization.
- •Interest Rate Risk
- •30. International banks: transactions and risks.
- •31. Monetary policy: purpose, types, tools.
- •32. International credit: notion, functions, forms, tendencies.
- •33. Credit market: functions, participants, instruments, indicators.
- •34. Analysis of a borrower’s creditworthiness by banks.
- •7 Functions of financial management:
- •37. Structure of a company’s balance sheet. Analysis of assets and liabilities structure
- •39. Capital structure and company’s cost of capital.
- •42. Classification of sources of corporate financing.
- •Instruments
- •Issuing and trading
- •Valuation
- •Ipo via foreign bank
- •44. Corporate credit policy.
- •Various Types of Corporate Credit and Corporate Credit Policy
- •45. Types of financial risks, quantitative analysis.
- •46. Investment portfolio construction: calculation and analysis of risk and return.
- •48. Types of bonds, calculation of present value of discount and coupon bonds. Types of bond yield.
- •50. Capital Assets Pricing Model (capm).
- •52. Price structure and its components. Factors of a price.
- •53. Methods of pricing.
- •55. Profit taxation in Russia.
- •56. Taxation of foreign corporate entities in Russia.
- •57. Income taxation of individuals.
- •59. Tax planning: notion, purposes, stages.
14. Federal budget of the Russian Federation: revenues, expenditures, modern peculiarities.
There are 2 levels of the government authority in Russia: federal level and level of subjects of RF. Part of functions of government is performed by federal authorities and part – independently by subjects (there are 89 subject in RF).
The budget system (BS) of the RF is a component of financial system of the state and represents the set of the interconnected budgets of various levels based on the legislation. It is the main part of a financial system of the state.
It consists of 3 levels:
Federal budget of RF and budgets of state non-budgetary funds
budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation (89 budgets - 21 republican budget, 55 regional budgets, 11 district budgets of autonomous regions, city budgets of Moscow and St.-Petersburg)
Local budgets (about 29000 of different budgets)
Budget is a form of formation and spending of the money resources which are used as financial support for achieving of goals and maintaining of functions of the state.
This division of state funds is because different levels of government have different functions and objectives. Federal functions are more broad ones, for example: Protection of the rights and freedom of citizens; economic, social, cultural and national development; maintenance of national defense system and army; production of public goods; international activities. Whereas functions of Subjects of RF have more local character.
The budget reflects what amount of financial resources is necessary for the State and therefore defines the tax policy in the country.
The budget set particular directions of spending budget funds, distributing of the national income and GDP.
The budget fulfils regulative role for economy and has following functions:
Redistribution of GDP
State regulation and stimulation of economy
Budgetary sphere financial maintenance and realization of social policy
Control over formation and use of the centralized monetary funds.
Revenues of the budget - resources acting in the gratuitous and irrevocable order for the state. (Доходы бюджета – денежные средства, поступающие в безвозмездном и безвозвратном порядке в соответствии с законодательством РФ в распоряжение органов государственной власти РФ, органов государственной власти субъектов РФ и органов местного самоуправления.) Formation of revenues is connected with compulsory withdrawal of parts of GDP created during a social production in favour of the state. Non-tax revenues are formed as a result of economic activities of the state.
There are 5 group of revenue sources:
Tax revenues
Non-tax revenues
Gratuitous transfers from budges of other levels
Revenues from financial activities
Revenues from entrepreneurial activities
To fulfill the function of the state the government spends money. There are 2 types of expenditures: current and capital.
Current - provides current functioning of bodies of the government, local self-management, budgetary establishments, rendering of the state support to other budgets and branches of economy in the form of grants of subventions, grants..
Capital - connected with realization of investments, the organizations, establishments. Construction, reconstruction, purchase of the equipment. Capital charges lead to creation of new property.
Expenditures provide realization of social and economic policy. The priorities of these policy is provided by corresponding distribution of funds.
15 Federal Budget of Russian Federation
Федеральный бюджет РФ — основной финансовый план правительства России на текущий финансовый год, имеющий силу закона.
Бюджетный процесс
В соответствии с Бюджетным кодексом, правительство России вносит на рассмотрение Государственной Думы проект федерального бюджета на очередной финансовый год не позднее 26 августа. Федеральный бюджет разрабатывается в соответствии с положениями ежегодного Бюджетного послания Президента РФ.
Федеральный бюджет рассматривается Госдумой в трёх чтениях (внесены изменения в Кодекс). В первом чтении принимаются основные параметры бюджета. По Бюджетному кодексу, в процессе первого чтения Госдума не имеет права увеличивать доходы и дефицит федерального бюджета, если на эти изменения отсутствует положительное заключение правительства. Госдума может отклонить проект бюджета; в этом случае формируется согласительная комиссия совместно с правительством. Во втором чтении Госдума утверждает бюджет по разделам, а в третьем — по подразделам. Четвёртое чтение нужно для технических правок; изменение каких-либо числовых показателей в четвёртом чтении не допускается.
После принятия федерального бюджета Госдумой он утверждается Советом Федерации и подписывается Президентом РФ.
До 2002 в процессе принятия федерального бюджета депутатам удавалось существенно увеличить некоторые его расходные статьи (как правило, социальные). В последние годы бюджет принимается в том виде, в каком он был внесён правительством.
За последние годы наибольшим темпом возрастали бюджетные доходы, связанные с добычей и экспортом полезных ископаемых (налог на добычу полезных ископаемых, экспортные пошлины на нефть и др.). В доходах бюджета-2006 доля только нефтегазовых доходов составила свыше половины (в 2003 — лишь четверть).
На 2006 год федеральный бюджет принят с доходами 5 трлн 46 млрд руб. и расходами 4 трлн 270 млрд руб. По данным Минфина, дефицит федерального бюджета без учета доходов от нефти и газа в 2006 году составил бы 5,2 % ВВП.
Наиболее крупные статьи расходов в 2006 году следующие:
* межбюджетные трансферты (33,5 % от всех расходов);
* национальная оборона (15,6 % расходов);
* общегосударственные вопросы (15 %);
* национальная безопасность и правоохранительная деятельность (13 %);
* национальная экономика (7,9 %);
* социальная политика (4,8 %);
* образование (4,7 %);
* здравоохранение и спорт (3,5 %).
15. International financial organizations: role, activities.
IMF – International Monetary Fund – stability of exrates.
IBRD – International Bank of Construction and Development – financing of projects using financial instruments. Also organizes seminars. Institute of Economic Development.
IDA – International Development Association
EBRD – European Bank for Reconstruction and Development – creation of common transportation nets, small businesses, medium business.
BIS – Bank for International Settlements (BASEL) – Creates Standards – for development of an overall market economy.
There are several IFOs operating in RF:
IMF – Internationla Monetary Fund
IBRD – International Bank of Reconstruction and Development
EBRD – European Bank of Reconstuction nad Development
BIS – Bank for international Settlements
IMF- The International Monetary Fund was created in 1945 in Bretton Woods to help promote the health of the world economy. Headquartered in Washington DC, it is governed by and accountable to the governments of the 185 countries.
Current membership: 185 countries
Total Quotas: $338 billion (as of 9/30/07)
Loans outstanding: $17 billion to 68 countries, of which $6 billion to 57 on concessional terms (as of 9/30/07)
