- •Раздел 1. Программа учебной дисциплины.
- •Рецензенты:
- •Пояснительная записка:
- •1.6 Содержание дисциплины.
- •Введение.
- •Общие сведения о германских языках
- •Древний период истории английского языка
- •Средний и Новый период истории английского языка
- •2 Hours
- •Germanic languages
- •2 Hours
- •Old English Phonetics
- •4 Hours
- •Introduction
- •Old English Grammar
- •6 Hours
- •PhoneticChanges in Middle and Early New English
- •4 Hours
- •Evolution of the Grammatical System from 11th to 18th c.
- •4 Hours Morphology
- •Пример этимологического анализа Этимологический анализ предложения.
- •1.7 Методические рекомендации по организации изучения дисциплины.
- •Questions and assignments for seminars
- •Text for analysis: “Beowulf” (837-841. 863-868)
- •1.8 Учебно-методическое обеспечение дисциплины.
- •Основная
- •Перечень используемых технических средств:
- •Примерные зачетные тестовые задания.
- •Questions to the exam:
- •Экзаменационные требования и система оценок
- •Комплект экзаменационных билетов (утвержденный зав. Кафед-
- •Примерная тематика рефератов.
- •Методики исследования.
- •Бально-рейтинговая система, используемая преподавателем для
- •Раздел 2. Методические указания по изучению дисциплины (или ее разделов) и контрольные задания для студентов заочной формы обучения.
- •Раздел 3. Содержательный компонент теоретического материала.
- •Syllabus for the course of history of english
- •Lecture 1
- •Introduction
- •2 Hours
- •1.The subject of history of English. The aims of the course
- •2.Sources of language history. Inner and outer history of the language.
- •3. Statics and dynamics in language history. Causes of language evolution.
- •Lecture 2 germanic languages
- •2 Hours
- •1.Modern Germanic languages.
- •2.The earliest period of Germanic history. Proto-Germanic (pg).
- •3.Linguistic features of Germanic languages.
- •Independent Vowel Changes in Proto-Germanic
- •Mutation of Vowels in Late pg
- •Consonant Shift in Proto-Germanic (Grimm's Law)
- •Voicing of Fricatives in Proto-Germanic (Verner's Law)
- •Examples of Vowel Gradation in Gothic Strong Verbs
- •1.Periodisation of the History of English. Periodisation of the History of English
- •Old English Alphabet
- •Lecture 4 Old English Phonetics
- •4 Hours
- •1.Word stress.
- •2.Old English vowels. Changes of stressed vowels. Independent changes.
- •Splitting of [a] and [a:] in Early Old English
- •Old English Reflexes of Proto-Germanic Diphthongs
- •Breaking and Diphthongisation
- •Palatal Mutation
- •Old English Vowels
- •3.Old English consonants.
- •Reflexes of Proto-Germanic Fricatives in Old English
- •Palatalisation and Splitting of Velar Consonants
- •Old English Consonants
- •Lecture 5 Old English Grammar
- •6 Hours
- •Morphological Classification of Nouns in Old English
- •Declensions of Nouns Strong Declensions (Vocalic Stems)
- •Strong Declensions (Vocalic Stems)
- •Consonantal Stems
- •2.The pronoun.
- •Declension of Personal Pronouns
- •Declension of sē, sēo, þæt
- •3.The adjectives.
- •Comparison of Adjectives in Old English
- •5.The verb
- •Conjugation of verbs in Old English
- •Participles in Old English
- •Strong Verbs in Old English
- •Weak Verbs In Old English
- •Conjugation of Preterite-Presents in Old English
- •Conjugation of oe bēon, ne be
- •Lecture 6 Old English Vocabulary
- •Peculiarities of Middle English Spelling
- •Quantitative Vowel Changes in Late Old English and Early Middle English
- •Development of oe [y] and [y:] in me dialects
- •Splitting of oe [a:] in Middle English
- •Development of Old English Diphthongs in Early Middle English
- •Growth of New Diphthongs in Middle English
- •Middle English Vowels
- •The Great Vowel Shift
- •Vocalisation of г and Associated Vowel Changes
- •Principal Quantitative Vowel Changes
- •Development of Sibilants and Affricates in Early Middle English
- •Voicing of Consonants in Early New English
- •Development of Sibilants and Affricates in Early New English
- •Lecture 9 Evolution of the Grammatical System from 11th to 18th c.
- •4 Hours
- •Morphology
- •Раздел 4. Словарь терминов (глоссарий).
- •Раздел 5. Практикум по решению задач (практических ситуаций) по темам лекций (одна из составляющих частей итоговой государственной аттестации).
- •Model of morphological analysis
- •Раздел 6. Изменения в рабочей программе, которые произошли после утверждения программы.
- •Раздел 7. Учебные занятия по дисциплине ведут:
2.Old English vowels. Changes of stressed vowels. Independent changes.
Fronting or palatalisation of [a] and [a:]. Positional deviations or restrictions to this rule: short [a] could change to [o] or [ã] and long [a:] became [o:] before a nasal. The preservation of the short [a] was caosed by a back vowel in the next syllable.
Splitting of [a] and [a:] in Early Old English
Change illustrated |
E x a m p l e s |
||||||
PG OE |
Other OG languages |
OE |
NE |
||||
|
|
æ |
Gt þata |
þæt |
that |
||
|
|
|
O Icel dagr |
dæз |
day |
||
a |
o, ã |
Gt mann(a) |
mon |
man |
|||
|
|
O Icel land |
land |
land |
|||
|
a |
Gt magan |
mазаn |
may |
|||
|
|
|
Gt dagos, |
daзas |
days |
||
a: |
|
æ:
о: |
OHG dâr OHG slâfen OHG mâno |
þǽr slǽpan mōna |
there sleep moon |
||
|
|
|
O Icel mánaðr |
mōnаþ |
month |
||
Old English reflections of PG diphthongs. The diphthongs with the i-glide were monophthongised into [i:] and [a:], respectively; with u-glides were reflected as long diphthongs [io:], [eo:], and [ea:].
Old English Reflexes of Proto-Germanic Diphthongs
(or Bi-Phonemic Sequences)
Change illustrated |
E x a m p l e s |
||
PG OE |
Other OG languages |
OE |
NE |
a + i a: |
Gt stains |
stān |
stone |
|
Gt ains |
ān |
one |
e + i i: |
Gt meins1 |
mīn |
mine, my |
|
Gt reisan |
rīsan |
rise |
a + u ea: |
0 Icel austr |
ēast |
east |
|
Gt auso |
ēаге |
ear |
|
Gt augo (cf.. G Auge) |
ēазе |
eye |
e + u eo: |
Gt þiudans |
þēoden |
‘king’ |
|
Gt kiusan |
cēosan |
choose |
i + u io: _________ |
Gt diups |
dēop, dīop2 |
deep |
1 The vowel in Gt is [i:], though the spelling resembles the PG [ei]. |
|||
2 In OE the diphthongs [eo:] and [io:] occur as dialectal variants. |
|||
Assimilative vowel changes.
The front vowels [i], [e], and [æ] changed into dophthongs with a back glide when they stood before [h], [ll], or [l]. The change is known as breaking.
Diphthongisation of vowels could also be caused by preceding consonants. After the palatal consonants [k’] and [sk’] and [j] short and long [e] and [æ] turned into diphthongs with a more front vowel as their first element.