- •Раздел 1. Программа учебной дисциплины.
- •Рецензенты:
- •Пояснительная записка:
- •1.6 Содержание дисциплины.
- •Введение.
- •Общие сведения о германских языках
- •Древний период истории английского языка
- •Средний и Новый период истории английского языка
- •Introduction
- •2 Hours
- •Germanic languages
- •2 Hours
- •Old English Phonetics
- •4 Hours
- •Old English Grammar
- •6 Hours
- •PhoneticChanges in Middle and Early New English
- •4 Hours
- •Evolution of the Grammatical System from 11th to 18th c.
- •4 Hours Morphology
- •Пример этимологического анализа Этимологический анализ предложения.
- •1.7 Методические рекомендации по организации изучения дисциплины.
- •Questions and assignments for seminars
- •Text for analysis: “Beowulf” (837-841. 863-868)
- •1.8 Учебно-методическое обеспечение дисциплины.
- •Основная
- •Перечень используемых технических средств:
- •Примерные зачетные тестовые задания.
- •Questions to the exam:
- •Экзаменационные требования и система оценок
- •Комплект экзаменационных билетов (утвержденный зав. Кафед-
- •Примерная тематика рефератов.
- •Методики исследования.
- •Бально-рейтинговая система, используемая преподавателем для
- •Раздел 2. Методические указания по изучению дисциплины (или ее разделов) и контрольные задания для студентов заочной формы обучения.
- •Раздел 3. Содержательный компонент теоретического материала.
- •Syllabus for the course of history of english
- •Lecture 1
- •Introduction
- •2 Hours
- •1.The subject of history of English. The aims of the course
- •2.Sources of language history. Inner and outer history of the language.
- •3. Statics and dynamics in language history. Causes of language evolution.
- •Lecture 2 germanic languages
- •2 Hours
- •1.Modern Germanic languages.
- •2.The earliest period of Germanic history. Proto-Germanic (pg).
- •3.Linguistic features of Germanic languages.
- •Independent Vowel Changes in Proto-Germanic
- •Mutation of Vowels in Late pg
- •Consonant Shift in Proto-Germanic (Grimm's Law)
- •Voicing of Fricatives in Proto-Germanic (Verner's Law)
- •Examples of Vowel Gradation in Gothic Strong Verbs
- •1.Periodisation of the History of English. Periodisation of the History of English
- •Old English Alphabet
- •Lecture 4 Old English Phonetics
- •4 Hours
- •1.Word stress.
- •2.Old English vowels. Changes of stressed vowels. Independent changes.
- •Splitting of [a] and [a:] in Early Old English
- •Old English Reflexes of Proto-Germanic Diphthongs
- •Breaking and Diphthongisation
- •Palatal Mutation
- •Old English Vowels
- •3.Old English consonants.
- •Reflexes of Proto-Germanic Fricatives in Old English
- •Palatalisation and Splitting of Velar Consonants
- •Old English Consonants
- •Lecture 5 Old English Grammar
- •6 Hours
- •Morphological Classification of Nouns in Old English
- •Declensions of Nouns Strong Declensions (Vocalic Stems)
- •Strong Declensions (Vocalic Stems)
- •Consonantal Stems
- •2.The pronoun.
- •Declension of Personal Pronouns
- •Declension of sē, sēo, þæt
- •3.The adjectives.
- •Comparison of Adjectives in Old English
- •5.The verb
- •Conjugation of verbs in Old English
- •Participles in Old English
- •Strong Verbs in Old English
- •Weak Verbs In Old English
- •Conjugation of Preterite-Presents in Old English
- •Conjugation of oe bēon, ne be
- •Lecture 6 Old English Vocabulary
- •Peculiarities of Middle English Spelling
- •Quantitative Vowel Changes in Late Old English and Early Middle English
- •Development of oe [y] and [y:] in me dialects
- •Splitting of oe [a:] in Middle English
- •Development of Old English Diphthongs in Early Middle English
- •Growth of New Diphthongs in Middle English
- •Middle English Vowels
- •The Great Vowel Shift
- •Vocalisation of г and Associated Vowel Changes
- •Principal Quantitative Vowel Changes
- •Development of Sibilants and Affricates in Early Middle English
- •Development of Sibilants and Affricates in Early New English
- •Voicing of Consonants in Early New English
- •Lecture 9 Evolution of the Grammatical System from 11th to 18th c.
- •4 Hours
- •Morphology
- •Раздел 4. Словарь терминов (глоссарий).
- •Раздел 5. Практикум по решению задач (практических ситуаций) по темам лекций (одна из составляющих частей итоговой государственной аттестации).
- •Model of morphological analysis
- •Раздел 6. Изменения в рабочей программе, которые произошли после утверждения программы.
- •Раздел 7. Учебные занятия по дисциплине ведут:
Voicing of Fricatives in Proto-Germanic (Verner's Law)
Change illustrated |
Examples |
|||
PIE |
PG |
Non-Germanic |
Germanic |
|
|
Early Late |
|
old |
modern |
P |
f>v |
L caput |
Gt haubiþ, O |
Sw huvud, G |
|
|
|
Icel haufoð, OE hēafod [v] |
Haupt, NE head |
|
|
L septern |
Gt sibun, OE seofon [v] |
G sieben, NE seven |
t |
θ>ð,d |
O Ind |
Gt hund, O Icel |
G Hundert, Sw |
|
|
satam, |
hundrað, OE |
hundrade, NE |
|
|
R сто |
hund |
hundred |
|
|
L pater, |
Gt fadar [ð], O Icel |
G Vater, Sw fader, |
|
|
O Ind pitā |
faðir, OE fæder |
NE fаthеr |
k |
x > γ, g |
L cunctāri |
O Icel hanga, OE han3ian |
Sw hänga, NE hang |
|
|
L socrus, R свекровь |
Gt swaíhro, OHG swigur, OE sweзer |
G Schwager |
s |
s > z |
L auris, |
Gt auso, O Icel |
Sw öra, G Ohr, |
|
|
Lith ausis |
eyra, OE ēare |
NE ear |
(Note: [z] in many languages became [r]) Rhotacism. |
||||
Grammar.
Form-building means, synthetic and analytical languages.
Both PG and OG languages had a synthetic grammatical structure, which means that the relationshops between the parts of the sentence were shown by the forms of the words rather than their position or bi auxiliary words.
Synthetic means of form-building: inflective, suppletive, reduplication, vowel gradation, or ablaut.
Ablaut is an independent vowel interchange unconnected with any phonetic conditions. Ablaut was inherited by Germanic from ancient PG. The principal gradation series used in the IE languages – [e~o]- can be shown in Russian examples: нести - ноша. Qualitative and quantitative ablaut. In qualitative ablaut vowels differ only in their quality. Alteration of short and long vowels, and also alteration with zero represent quantitative ablaut. L. Lēgi ‘elected’ – lego ‘elect’, R. беру - сбор.
Gradation series in Gothic strong verbs.