- •1)Features of the Assembler. The main programs for work with the Assembler.
- •2) Data presentation in the computer. Binary and hexadecimal notations. Bits, bytes and words.
- •3)Main unprivileged commands. Data transfer.
- •4) Ways of addressing.
- •5) Dynamic libraries. Principles of using dynamic libraries.
- •6) Dynamic library structure.
- •7) File systems. Characteristics of files.
- •8) Numbers with a floating comma. Data types of fpu.
- •9) Work with the keyboard. The data buffer bios. Using ms dos function.
- •10) Base arithmetic fpu.
- •11)Comparison commands of fpu
- •12)Transcendental operations of fpu
- •Constants of fpu
- •16. Object modules.
- •17. Directive extern.
- •18) Directives call and invoke.
- •19) Use of libraries. Directive includelib.
- •20) Placement of data in external modules. Translation by tasm means.
- •21) Translation by masm means.
- •22) Directives of memory distribution. Pseudocommands of variable definitions.
- •23. Structures in the assembler
- •24. Program organization. Segments
- •25. Models of memory and the simplified directives of segment definition. Order of loading segments.
- •26. Procedures in the assembler
- •27. Programming bases in the Windows operating system
- •28. Call of the api functions from the program written on the assembler
- •29. Structure of the program written for Windows.
- •30. The general principles of creation of window applications in the Assembler
- •31. Directives of management of the program counter.
- •32. Global declarations.
- •33. Conditional assembling. Expressions
- •34. Attributes of the file. Temporary characteristics. File length.
- •35. File fat32 system. Catalogue structure. Fat table.
- •36. File ntfs system. Principles of construction.
- •37. Attributes of the records mft. Catalogues in ntfs.
- •38. Macrodefinitions. Blocks of repetitions. Macrooperators.
- •39. Management of files. Management of listing. Comments.
- •40) Virtual drivers and virtual Windows engines.
- •41) Modes of the user and kernel.
- •42) Types of Windows drivers.
- •44) Graphic video modes.
- •45) Work with a mouse.
- •46. System timer.
- •47. Services. Dispatcher of management of services.
- •49. Structure of the program which is writing down the driver in the system register.
- •50. Structure of the driver of the kernel mode.
- •1.Features of the Assembler. The main programs for work with the Assembler.
1)Features of the Assembler. The main programs for work with the Assembler.
The main common features of assembly language (usually not exactly known as a assembler; strictly assembler is a program that is a translator. This program takes a sequence of commands from assembly language to machine language code of the processor) processors coincide with those of all the languages of this type. We note their basic features. [1]
Assembly languages are machine-oriented languages and, therefore, for each type of processor has its own language. Almost every team assembler equivalent to the command on the machine language of the processor. However, programming in assembly, as compared with programming in machine language (machine code level) is greatly facilitated by the possibility of using all the elements of a symbolic notation software (operation codes, addresses, memory, programs and data, variables, and constants, and so the operands etc.). Used symbolic notation elements usually reflect their substantive meaning. When programming in assembly language programmer can not take care of the memory allocation, the appointment of the specific addresses of operands. In the assembler can be issued if a repeated sequence of commands as a macro. The corresponding version of the language, allowing the use of macros, called macro assemblers. In addition, assemblers allow in some form to use when programming a standard cycle-type structure, branching.
When programming in assembler all available system resources and the specific processor (registers, stack memory, etc.). This allows for effective programs in terms of their execution time and memory size needed to accommodate the program. Problems related to the specific hardware and peripherals CPU better and more convenient to solve the assembly language. However, programming in assembly language implies the knowledge of the processor architecture and properties, that is, everything that is included in the concept of a software model of the processor.
2) Data presentation in the computer. Binary and hexadecimal notations. Bits, bytes and words.
In assembly language, the writer has integer and real numbers, and character strings and individual characters. Integers can be signed and unsigned, as well as recorded in BCD format. For integers, characters and commands in the microprocessor and, respectively, in assembly language has processing means - analysis, comparison, search, and so on. For real numbers such funds in the microprocessor is not, they are contained in an arithmetic coprocessor.Binary system just uses only these two numbers of degrees instead of ten, as in ordinary decimal system is used a power of two. To convert a binary number to decimal, we must add to the powers of two, corresponding to the positions where the units are in binary. To differentiate between binary numbers from decimal in assembly language programs at the end of each binary number, the letter «b».
The hexadecimal number systemIn hexadecimal system uses 16 "Numbers": 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C. D, E, F, and the position number corresponds to the number of digits in extent you want to raise the number of 16In assembler programs for writing numbers that begin with A, B, C, D, E, F, at the beginning of the digit 0 is attributed to not be confused with the name of a variable number or other identifier. After hexadecimal numbers, the letter «h».//(Signed numbers)To change the sign, perform an inversion, that is to replace the binary representation of all ones and zeros zeros units and then add 1.(Bits, bytes and words)The smallest unit of information is called a bit. A bit can have only two values, usually 0 and 1. In fact, these values are completely optional - one bit can be either "yes" or "no", to show the presence and absence of the hard drive, if the character is playing a mage or a warrior - the only important thing is that the bit has only two values. But not all values