Grammar Означені та неозначені артиклі

В англійській мові є два артиклі: неозначений (the indefinite article) — a, an і означений (the definite article) — the.

a week, a minute, a good answer

an engineer, an apple, an old man

the book, the window, the best apple

Артиклі не вживаються, якщо іменник має означення, виражене займенником (присвійним, вказівним, питальним, неозначеним — some, any, many, much, each, every, either, заперечним no), власним ім'ям у присвійному відмінку або кількісним числівником, який стоїть після означуваного слова.

Take this pencil.

Do you like our new English teacher?

This is Jack's penknife, not yours.

Whose book is this?

I've got many things to do.

There are no books on the table.

Open your books at page five.

Where is room 6?

Неозначений артикль вживається тільки з іменником в однині, скільки він має значення числівника один. З іменником у множині неозначений артикль не вживається:

a book — books

an apple — apples

Означений артикль може вживатися з іменником як в однині, так і у множині:

the apple — the apples

Неозначений артикль вживається тоді, коли про щось згадується вперше.

A man booked into a hotel in London. (Чоловік поселився в готелі в Лондоні.)

Означений артикль вживається, коли йдеться про відомі речі, про щось єдине у своєму роді:

I was in bed when the phone rang. (Я був у ліжку, коли задзвонив телефон.)

The sun was going down. (Сонце заходило.)

Exercise 1 Fill in a, an or the if necessary:

1. Give me … cigarette. 2. Yesterday I found … wallet in the street. 3. Look out of … window! What is going on outside?

4. What is … longest river in the world? 5. … apple a day keeps the doctor away. 6. I love … oranges. 7. There is a red pen on the table. Give me … pen. 8. I am going to … countryside tomorrow. 9. Would you like … cup of coffee?

10. Where is … Everest situated? 11. Jane is … tallest girl in our class. 12. Marilyn Monroe was … actress. 13. … British Isles comprise a lot of small islands. 14. Suddenly we saw … house over there. 15. … tigers are wild animals. 16. It is 5 o’clock in … morning. 17. This table is made of … wood.

18. Nick’s brother is … writer.

Самостійна робота № 1

1. Read the article and choose the sentence (A-D) that best fits each gap (1-4).

Learning eglish

English is the language of international communication in many areas of life: trade, air and sea transport, tourism, sport and entertainment. More and more people also need English for studying at universities and colleges. New ideas in science, technology and medicine happen so quickly that it is impossible and very expensive to translate everything into different languages. (1)...

Millions of people around the world want to learn English. Many of them come to Britain and other English-speaking countries to study at language schools, especially in the summer. There are thousands of different schools. They offer courses for children, teenagers and adults. (2)...

You should always try to find out as much information as possible before you choose a school (3)...

If you go to a language school, you should try to speak English as much as possible. Students usually stay with a local family. (4) ...

You should also try to mix with students from other countries. This will help you with your English, and will also show you how important English is for international communication

A In particular, you should try to talk to other students from your own country who have been to a language school to find out what you should expect.

B So most things are published in English. And if you want to keep up with the latest ideas in any subject, you need English.

C This is a good opportunity to improve your English and to learn a lot about everyday life.

D There are courses in General English, Technical English, Business English and so on.

Lesson 2