
- •Isbn 966-629-071-5
- •Contents
- •Business and entrepreneurship
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •A business vs. Business
- •What is Business?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •When pleasure interferes with business, give up business. (from American)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Verbs frequently used with Business Conduct; do; transact; drum up; build up; establish; launch; set up in; manage; operate; run.
- •Which word?
- •Forms of Business Organization
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“Mom and pop business” [`mOm ænd pOp `bıznəs] – амер. Дрібне приватне підприємництво; родинний бізнес, приватна крамничка;
- •Colloquial expression [kə`ləukwiəl ık`spre∫ən] – розмовний зворот (вираз);
- •Which word?
- •Which word?
- •Design, invent or engineer?
- •Which word?
- •Creative / artistic / innovative / original / imaginative / ingenious / inventive
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary building intrapreneur
- •Unit 3. Doing business internationally Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Adjective or noun?
- •B) Read aloud the following sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
- •Task 9. Think and answer.
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text.
- •International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 14. A) Translate the words in column a and their derivatives in columns b and c. Use your dictionary if necessary.
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Affect / effect [ə`fekt] [ı`fekt]
- •Unit 4. Communication in business Lesson 1
- •Modern Means of Business Communication
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •The Internet
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •How are computer words formed?
- •Lesson 2
- •Cross-cultural Barriers to Business Communication
- •1) Stereotypes
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •2) Time
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •3) Space
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •4) Body language
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •5) Etiquette
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •6) Translation problems
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Module test 1.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Econom-
- •Which word?
- •Economics vs. Economy
- •The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.
- •Economics
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.”
- •“Too many people spend money they haven’t earned, to buy things they don’t want, to impress people they don’t like.” (Will Smith)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Economic vs. Economical
- •Which word?
- •Economic goods vs. Economy goods
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Increase, growth or rise?
- •Economy
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Trade / business / industry
- •Which word?
- •Supplier or distributor?
- •Task 12. A) Define the meaning of the word “трейдер” in Ukrainian. Let the following headlines from Ukrainian mass media be your clues.
- •What is Trade?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Trade or Commerce?
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Verb or noun?
- •Vocabulary building bimonthly / biweekly biyearly etc.
- •Forms of Trade
- •Vocabulaty Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Trade vs. Trades
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Modern Patterns of International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Module test 2.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Product, market and marketing
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Noun or verb?
- •A service that people can buy, especially a way of investing or saving money
- •Which word?
- •Brand / label / make
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •What is Product?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Product Breadth vs. Product Depth
- •Three Levels of a Product
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Understanding Information on Products
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •-Ability
- •Market-
- •Which word?
- •Marketplace vs. Marketspace
- •Which word?
- •Market niche vs. Niche market
- •Adjectives frequently used with market
- •Narrow / short / thin / heavy / tight / weak / broad / close / distant
- •Which word?
- •Demand or market?
- •Market and Market Relations
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Desire vs. Need / desire vs. Wish / need vs. Urge
- •Which word?
- •Distribution / delivery / dispatch / logistics
- •What is Marketing?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in Marketing
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Торговець, продавець
- •Extended Marketing Mix
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Customer / client / clientele / consumer / account
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Advertising vs. Advertisement
- •Advertising
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Copyright vs. Copywriter
- •Advertising Today
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 27. Translate into English.
- •Marketing vs. Advertising: What’s the Difference?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Money and banking
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Money vs. Moneys / monies
- •Which word?
- •What is Money?
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Describing what happens to currencies
- •Money vs. Currency
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Vocabulary building When a company fails
- •Bank Staff
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •What is a Bank?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Credit vs. Loan
- •Which word?
- •Share vs. Stock
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part I)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Task 13. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Task 15. Find in the text “What is Finance?” (Part I) (Task 11) the words opposite in meaning to the following:
- •Which word?
- •Income / earnings / revenue
- •What three basic things do companies do when they lack money to cover operating costs?
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Fund vs finance
- •Task 3. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 4. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part II)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Task 15. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box.
- •Lesson 3
- •Accounting Connected with the period of twelve months over which a government or a company prepares a full set of financial records, or part of this period
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal vs. Financial
- •Year in Year out
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal Crises vs. Financial Crises
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Account / bill / invoice / check / tab
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 18. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Lesson 2
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 4. Give number of the paragraph(s) in which they discuss …
- •Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Company. Human resources. Management
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Company vs. Campaign
- •Which word?
- •Corporation vs. Company
- •Talking about Companies
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 17. In the text “Talking about Companies” (Task 12) find the words which can be tranlsted as:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Starting a business
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary building Subsidiaries and groups of companies
- •Some of the World’s Oldest Companies
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Organizational Structure
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Vocabulary building colleagues and rivals
- •Vocabulary building Staff
- •Human Resources
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Ensure vs. Insure
- •Vocabulary building Employing people
- •Vocabulary building Getting rid of employees
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •-Ability
- •Vocabulary building Words for Bosses
- •Management and Managers
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 2
- •Levels and Patterns of Management
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Authoritarian / authoritative / autocratic / bossy
- •Leadership Styles
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Eeffective vs. Efficient
- •Module test 6.
- •Variant 1. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •An organization that a company forms for its employees to represent them when dealing with the managers;
- •Variant 3. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •Afterword:
- •Glossary of terms
- •References:
- •Іт ресурси:
Vocabulary Notes:
crucial [`kru:∫əl] – вирішальний; ключовий; критичний;
driving force [`draıvıŋ fO:s] / [`draıvıŋ fO:rs] – рушійна сила;
to charge [t∫α:G] / [t∫α:rG] / establish / set a price – призначати ціну, правити ціну;
to promote [prə`məut] / [prə`mout] – сприяти, допомагати, підтримувати; заохочувати, стимулювати; активізувати; рекламувати;
to survive [sə`vaıv] / [sər`vaıv] – переживати (сучасників тощо); витримати, перенести, пережити (щось); лишитися живим; продовжувати існувати; вціліти;
numerous [`nju:mərəs] / [`nu:mərəs] – численний;
varied [`veərid] / [`verid] – різний, різноманітний; мінливий, що змінюється;
drawing board [`drO:rıŋ bO:d] / [`drO:ıŋ bO:d] – креслярська дошка; кульман; планшет;
working population – працездатне населення (частина населення у працездатному віці, як правило від 15 до 70 років, фізичні власти-вості якого дозволяють займатися трудовою діяльністю); трудящі;
to outnumber [ֽaut`nAmbə] / [ֽaut`nAmbər] – переважати кількісно;
original [ə`ridʒin(ə)l] – початковий; перший; первісний;
literally [`lıtərəli] – буквально, дослівно;
basically [`beısɪk(ə)lı] – в основному; у своїй основі; по суті;
to provide [prə`vaıd] – постачати; забезпечувати; надавати, подавати;
consiquently [`kOntsıkwəntli] – отже, в результаті;
placement [`pleısmənt] – розміщення; рух товарів;
specifications [ֽspesəfı`keı∫ənz] – технічні характеристики, технічні умови; специфікація;
actual goods [`ækt∫uəl gudz] – фізичний (реальний, наявний) товар (наявний у поточний момент товар або цінний папір напротивагу терміновому контракту);
end user [`end ֽju:zə] / [`end ֽju:zər] – кінцевий користувач; споживач;
research and development (R&D) [rı`sə:t∫ ənd dı`veləpmənt] [`α: ənd di:] – науково-дослідні і дослідно-конструкторські роботи (НДІДКР);
to insure [ın`∫uə] / [ın`∫uər] – забезпечувати, гарантувати; страхувати;
quality [`kwOləti] / [`kwα:ləti] – якість; сорт, ґатунок;
pricing [`praısıŋ] – калькуляція; формування ціни; ціноутворення; встановлення ціни (на товар, послугу, кредит);
to set / to charge / to establish a price – призначити (запросити) ціну;
discount [`dıskaunt] – знижка; зменшення ціни; дисконт;
option [`Op∫ən] / [`α:p∫ən] – вибір, альтернатива, (можливий) варіант; право заміни (вибору); предмет вибору;
“above” [ə`bAv] / “with” / “below” [bı`ləu] / [bı`lou] the market – (про ціну) вище / на рівні / нижче ринкової;
competitor [kəm`petıtə] – конкурент, суперник; учасник ринку; той, що змагається;
to price – призначати / вказувати ціну; оцінювати;
average [`ævərıG] – середній; нормальний, звичайний, звичний;
major producer [`meıGə prə`dju:sə] / [`meıGər prə`dju:sər] – головний виробник;
majors [`meıGəz] / [`meıGərz] – головні компанії; великі фірми; монополії;
industry [`ındəstri] – галузь (виробництва бо економіки);
advertising [`ædvətaızıŋ] – реклама, рекламування; рекламна діяльність, рекламний бізнес, рекламна справа; розміщення, публікація реклами (в ЗМІ);
sales promotion [`seıəlz prə`məu∫ən] – стимулювання збуту (реалізації товару); торговельна діяльність (робота, спрямована на продаж товарів і послуг);
publicity [pAb`lısəti] – публічність; гласність; популярність; реклама, рекламування; дії, спрямовані на привернення уваги; ділові зв’язки;
personal selling [`pə:sənəl `selıŋ] – особистий продаж (усне особисте представлення товару під час бесіди з одним або декількома покупцями); діяльність торговельних представників (тих, хто працює в безпосередньому контакті із споживачем);
manufacturer [ֽmænju`fækt∫ərə] / [ֽmænjə`fækt∫ərər] – фабрикант, промисловець; підприємець; виробник, товаровиробник;
wholesaler [`həulseıələ] / [`houlseıələr] – оптовик, оптовий торговець; оптове підприємство;
retailer [`ri:teıəl] – роздрібний торговець;
young adults [`jAŋ `ædAlts] – амер. молодий повнолітній (у віці від 18 до 21 року);
marketing mix [`mα:kıtıŋ ֽmıks] – маркетинговий комплекс; структура маркетингу; маркетинг-мікс;
marketeer [ֽmα:kı`tıə] / [ֽmα:rkə`tıər] – спеціаліст з маркетингу, маркетолог; купець; закупник; збувальник; ринковий постачальник;
to craft [krα:ft] / [kræft] – виготовляти; майструвати; виявляти майстерність; готувати;
Task 15. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
Marketing is a critical piece of running a business.
The term “marketing” literally means “creating a market”.
All definitions of marketing are focused upon customers and their needs.
Marketing comes into play after the product has been developed, manufactured and is ready to sell.
Major part of the working population worldwide is involved in marketing.
Marketing is everything from the advertisement that a consumer sees, through the entire sales process including the follow-up after the purchase.
Marketing can be divided into four main elements that are popularly known as the four MPs.
The product element of marketing refers to how the product gets to the customer.
The company may take 2 pricing options: “above” or “below” the prices that its competitors are charging.
R&D is an important aspect of promotion.
The only channel of distribution of products is manufacturer → wholesaler → retailer → customer.
Marketing mix serves the base for developing a marketing plan.
Task 16. a) In the text “What is Marketing?” (Task 14) find synonyms of the following words.
1. A grown-up; 2. mean price; 3. widespread channel; 4. rivals; 5. reduction; 6. impelling force; 7. a make; 8. requirements; 9. alternative; choice; 10. public attention; promotion; 11. retail dealer; petty dealer; 12. meeting needs; 13. to make skillfully; 14. to guarantee quality; 15. to be more numerous (than sb. / sth.); 16. to occur; 17. to utilize; 18. diverse; manifold; 19. wishes; desires; 20. dealer; dealer in gross.
b) Give the English equivalents for the following words and word combinations.
1. Дорослий; 2. середня ціна; 3. поширений (розповсюджений) канал; 4. конкуренти; суперники; 5. знижка; дисконт; 6. рушійна сила; 7. бренд; 8. потреби; вимоги; 9. опція; альтернатива; 10. публічність; реклама; розголос; слава; 11. роздрібний торговець; 12. задоволення потреб; 13. створити (виконати) із майстерністю; майструвати; виявити майстерність (у чомусь); 14. гарантувати якість; 15. переважати кількісно; 16. мати місце; відбутися; трапитися; 17. використовувати; 18. різний, різноманітний; мінливий, що змінюється; 19. бажання; 20. оптовик; оптовий торговець.
Task 17. a) Match items in column A with their synonyms in column B.
A |
B |
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b) Use the words from column A to make up combinations with the following words.
_____ activities (× 2); _____ a price; _____ quality; |
_____ workers; _____’s needs; _____ a plan; |
major _____; to refer _____ to; may include _____. |
Task 18. a) Fill in the blanks with adjective, noun or verb forms. Use your dictionary if necessary.
ADJECTIVE |
NOUN |
VERB |
|
----------- |
----------- |
|
insurance |
----------- |
|
----------- |
to promote |
|
----------- |
----------- |
|
development |
----------- |
|
----------- |
to establish |
|
----------- |
----------- |
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competitor |
----------- |
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----------- |
to advertise |
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b) Use the correct adjective, noun or verb forms in the sentences. Change the grammatical form of the words if necessary.
satisfactory
Some celebrities will do almost anything _____ their craving for publicity.
Friendly service and low prices all contribute to customer _____.
The law says that goods you buy must be “of _____ quality” and free from defects.
insurance
The _____ industry is one of the country’s biggest employers.
Companies are required _____ against accidents in the workplace.
The challenge is to work out what risks are _____.
promote
_____ advertising informs the public of an item or a range of items in stock.
Her job is mainly concerned with sales and _____.
It is expensive _____ new products and get them accepted in the marketplace.
specific
Buyers are interested in the technical _____ of the new model of car.
The customer _____ a date and time for delivery.
In the UK, tobacco is taxed as a _____ duty per unit of quality.
development
Children in many _____ countries lack basic medical care.
Markets for such high-priced products _____ slowly.
We encourage our staff in their _____ of new skills.
establish
The treaty _____ a free trade zone across Europe.
Since its _____ in 2001, the firm has enjoyed rapid growth.
It is an old _____ family firm.
relative
The visit is an important step in improving business _____ between Japan and China.
The tax bears no _____ to people’s ability to pay.
We are going through a period of _____ economic stability.
competitor
We need to win market share from our _____.
Small traders cannot _____ in the face of cheap foreign imports.
They must work harder to remain _____ with other companies.
advertise
If you want to attract more customers, try _____ in the national press.
How much did we spend on _____ last year?
Young adults make up the major part of their _____ audience.
distributable
Who _____ our products in the UK?
We have secured exclusive _____ rights for the product in the US.
The company’s _____ profits are not sufficient to pay any dividends.
Task 19. Fill in the gaps with the most appropriate words from the box. Translate the passage.
determinants |
immediate |
effective |
convenience |
creativity |
eventual |
to purchase |
perceived |
to excel |
acquisition |
replacing |
cheaper |
warranties |
attributes |
place |
The Four P’s divide the different (1)_____ of successful marketing into categories. Each one has a part to play in the delivery of a service or product to the (2)_____ customer.
The Four P’s, also known as the Marketing Mix consist of the following: price, product, (3)_____, and promotion.
Price is focus on the cost to the customer of choosing to buy your offering as opposed to someone else’s.
Price is generally an important factor considered by buyers who when viewing two identical products, would in most situations opt for the (4)_____ one.
For some products and services there might be multiple tiers of costs. For example, there may be an initial cost of (5)_____ and then further service charges and maintenance costs which customers would consider.
Price therefore encompasses all costs of both (6)_____ and ongoing.
The cost of a product is not the only factor in purchasing decisions as quality, service and other factors are also (7)_____.
Product includes the features and benefits of the offering in question, including the manner it is packaged, what it looks like and further extras such as guarantees and (8)_____.
Many of the factors which are part of the Product category could be intangible and may have (9)_____ rather than actual benefits. The fact that they might not be actual advantages is largely unimportant, whilst their existence in the mind of potential purchasers is.
Buyers will consider the ease of obtaining the product or service once the decision (10)_____ has been made.
Long lead times or inconvenient delivery schedules can put customers off and result in them selecting a more expensive product which is available now and at their (11)_____.
Businesses should consider customer’s expectations and the industry norm when looking at where and when their products will be available.
Bettering current accepted norms for delivery might enable the business (12)_____ in its appeal to customers. Consider internet downloads where possible or delivery of places of work where appropriate in order to maximise the whole package of what is being sold.
Promotion is essentially the means used to reach intended customers. Imagination and (13)_____ can result in a business’ products or information about them being displayed in places which other competitors are not.
Internet advertising is gradually (14)_____ more traditional form of promotion and certain websites might provide a business with an immediate and predefined audience.
By viewing each element of the marketing mix and relating them to the business’ products and services, the enterprise can seek to prepare a comprehensive and (15)_____ promotion strategy.
Task 20. Answer the questions.
What has become a driving force in most companies in recent years?
Why is marketing crucial to all phases of business?
What do marketing activities include?
A large portion of the working population in many countries is involved in some form of marketing, isn’t it?
Do people engaged in marketing activities outnumber those involved in manufacturing or production in Ukraine?
What is the original meaning of the term “marketing”?
What are the better definitions of marketing focused upon?
What is needed to get the right product to the right place, at the right time, at the right price?
What is known as the marketing mix?
What do the product aspects of marketing deal with?
What pricing options can a company take?
Why do most companies price with the market? Who establishes market prices?
What can promotion include?
What is the fourth P of the marketing mix? What does it refer to?
Does marketing begin with a great idea or a unique product? Why?
Task 21. Translate into English.
1. Маркетинг відіграє вирішальну роль на всіх етапах ділової діяльності. 2. За останні роки маркетинг став рушійною силою у більшості компаній. 3. Жодна компанія не виживе, не приділяючи уваги маркетингу. 4. Маркетингова діяльність є численною і багатоманітною. 5. Маркетингова діяльність включає в себе все, що ж необхідним, аби доставити товар із креслярської дошки в руки покупцеві. 6. Велика частка працездатного населення в світі задіяна в тій чи іншій формі маркетингу. 7. В окремих країнах ті, хто задіяний у маркетинговій діяльності, перевищують за кількістю тих, хто працює на виробництві. 8. Початкове буквальне значення слова “маркетинг” пов’язане із походом на ринок для купівлі чи продажу товарів або послуг. 9. Існує чимало визначень маркетингу. 10. Кращі визначення слова “маркетинг” роблять акцент на покупцях і задоволенні їхніх потреб. 11. По суті, маркетинг стосується розуміння покупців і віднаходження способів надати такі товари й послуги, які вони потребують. 12. Інколи маркетинг визначають як доставку належного продукту в належне місце у належний час і за належною ціною. 13. Маркетинг можна поділити на чотири елементи, які широко відомі як чотири Пі. 14. Продукт, ціна, розміщення та просування є елементами маркетингу. 15. Продуктові аспекти маркетингу стосуються специфікацій фізичних товарів або послуг. 16. Продуктовий елемент маркетингу часто включає в себе науково-дослідні та дослідно конструкторські розробки нових видів продукції. 17. Компанії мають три основні цінові опції. 18. Більшість компаній встановлюють ціну на рівні ринкової і продають свої товари за середніми цінами. 19. Існують різно-манітні методи просування продукції, бренду чи компанії. 20. Розміщення товарів здійснюється через канали розповсюдження. 21. Найбільш типовий канал розповсюдження включає в себе виробника, оптовика, роздрібного торговця та покупця. 22. Чотири елементи маркетингу часто називаються комплексом маркетингу. 23. Маркетологи використовують маркетинг-мікс для розробки маркетингового плану. 24. На справді маркетинг розпочинається не з великої ідеї чи унікального продукту. 25. Маркетинг розпочинається з людей, які хочуть і потребують ваш продукт та в дійсності купуватимуть його.
Task 22. Say what you know about:
The etymology of “marketing” and a range of its meanings.
Marketing specializations.
The importance of marketing in companies’ business activities.
Existing definitions of “marketing”.
The main four elements of marketing.
Task 23. Comment on the following sayings.
“Business has only two functions – marketing and innovation.” (Milan Kundera, Czech novelist, playwright and poet)
“Marketing is what you do when your product is no good.” (Edwin Land)
“The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customer so well (that) the product or service fits him and sells itself.” (Peter Drucker)
“In marketing you must choose between boredom, shouting and seduction. Which do you want?” (Roy H. Williams)
“In marketing I’ve seen only one strategy that can’t miss – and that is to market to your best customers first, your best prospects second and the rest of the world last.ˮ (John Romero)
“Money coming in says I’ve made the right marketing decisions.” (Adam Osborne)
“Marketing is the devil.” (Billy Bob Thornton)
“Marketing is a very good thing, but it shouldn’t control everything. It should be the tool, not that which dictates.” (Nicolas Roeg)
“Marketing is too important to be left to the marketing department.” (David Packard)
“Don’t blame the marketing department. The buck stops with the chief executive.” (John D. Rockefeller)