- •Isbn 966-629-071-5
- •Contents
- •Business and entrepreneurship
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •A business vs. Business
- •What is Business?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •When pleasure interferes with business, give up business. (from American)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Verbs frequently used with Business Conduct; do; transact; drum up; build up; establish; launch; set up in; manage; operate; run.
- •Which word?
- •Forms of Business Organization
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“Mom and pop business” [`mOm ænd pOp `bıznəs] – амер. Дрібне приватне підприємництво; родинний бізнес, приватна крамничка;
- •Colloquial expression [kə`ləukwiəl ık`spre∫ən] – розмовний зворот (вираз);
- •Which word?
- •Which word?
- •Design, invent or engineer?
- •Which word?
- •Creative / artistic / innovative / original / imaginative / ingenious / inventive
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary building intrapreneur
- •Unit 3. Doing business internationally Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Adjective or noun?
- •B) Read aloud the following sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
- •Task 9. Think and answer.
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text.
- •International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 14. A) Translate the words in column a and their derivatives in columns b and c. Use your dictionary if necessary.
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Affect / effect [ə`fekt] [ı`fekt]
- •Unit 4. Communication in business Lesson 1
- •Modern Means of Business Communication
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •The Internet
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •How are computer words formed?
- •Lesson 2
- •Cross-cultural Barriers to Business Communication
- •1) Stereotypes
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •2) Time
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •3) Space
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •4) Body language
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •5) Etiquette
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •6) Translation problems
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Module test 1.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Econom-
- •Which word?
- •Economics vs. Economy
- •The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.
- •Economics
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.”
- •“Too many people spend money they haven’t earned, to buy things they don’t want, to impress people they don’t like.” (Will Smith)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Economic vs. Economical
- •Which word?
- •Economic goods vs. Economy goods
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Increase, growth or rise?
- •Economy
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Trade / business / industry
- •Which word?
- •Supplier or distributor?
- •Task 12. A) Define the meaning of the word “трейдер” in Ukrainian. Let the following headlines from Ukrainian mass media be your clues.
- •What is Trade?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Trade or Commerce?
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Verb or noun?
- •Vocabulary building bimonthly / biweekly biyearly etc.
- •Forms of Trade
- •Vocabulaty Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Trade vs. Trades
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Modern Patterns of International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Module test 2.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Product, market and marketing
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Noun or verb?
- •A service that people can buy, especially a way of investing or saving money
- •Which word?
- •Brand / label / make
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •What is Product?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Product Breadth vs. Product Depth
- •Three Levels of a Product
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Understanding Information on Products
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •-Ability
- •Market-
- •Which word?
- •Marketplace vs. Marketspace
- •Which word?
- •Market niche vs. Niche market
- •Adjectives frequently used with market
- •Narrow / short / thin / heavy / tight / weak / broad / close / distant
- •Which word?
- •Demand or market?
- •Market and Market Relations
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Desire vs. Need / desire vs. Wish / need vs. Urge
- •Which word?
- •Distribution / delivery / dispatch / logistics
- •What is Marketing?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in Marketing
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Торговець, продавець
- •Extended Marketing Mix
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Customer / client / clientele / consumer / account
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Advertising vs. Advertisement
- •Advertising
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Copyright vs. Copywriter
- •Advertising Today
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 27. Translate into English.
- •Marketing vs. Advertising: What’s the Difference?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Money and banking
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Money vs. Moneys / monies
- •Which word?
- •What is Money?
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Describing what happens to currencies
- •Money vs. Currency
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Vocabulary building When a company fails
- •Bank Staff
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •What is a Bank?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Credit vs. Loan
- •Which word?
- •Share vs. Stock
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part I)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Task 13. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Task 15. Find in the text “What is Finance?” (Part I) (Task 11) the words opposite in meaning to the following:
- •Which word?
- •Income / earnings / revenue
- •What three basic things do companies do when they lack money to cover operating costs?
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Fund vs finance
- •Task 3. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 4. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part II)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Task 15. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box.
- •Lesson 3
- •Accounting Connected with the period of twelve months over which a government or a company prepares a full set of financial records, or part of this period
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal vs. Financial
- •Year in Year out
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal Crises vs. Financial Crises
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Account / bill / invoice / check / tab
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 18. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Lesson 2
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 4. Give number of the paragraph(s) in which they discuss …
- •Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Company. Human resources. Management
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Company vs. Campaign
- •Which word?
- •Corporation vs. Company
- •Talking about Companies
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 17. In the text “Talking about Companies” (Task 12) find the words which can be tranlsted as:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Starting a business
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary building Subsidiaries and groups of companies
- •Some of the World’s Oldest Companies
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Organizational Structure
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Vocabulary building colleagues and rivals
- •Vocabulary building Staff
- •Human Resources
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Ensure vs. Insure
- •Vocabulary building Employing people
- •Vocabulary building Getting rid of employees
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •-Ability
- •Vocabulary building Words for Bosses
- •Management and Managers
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 2
- •Levels and Patterns of Management
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Authoritarian / authoritative / autocratic / bossy
- •Leadership Styles
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Eeffective vs. Efficient
- •Module test 6.
- •Variant 1. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •An organization that a company forms for its employees to represent them when dealing with the managers;
- •Variant 3. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •Afterword:
- •Glossary of terms
- •References:
- •Іт ресурси:
Lesson 2
Task 1. a) Use the words in the box for word formation.
put |
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out |
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ware |
growth |
house |
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soft |
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hard |
b) Which of the derived words mean:
продукт; результат; відросток;
предмети домашнього вжитку; начиння;
продукція, продукт вироблення; випуск;
товарний склад; пакгауз; великий магазин;
апаратура, апаратні засоби; металеві вироби;
засоби програмування; програмне забезпечення; комплекс програм?
Task 2. a) The adjectives in the table below are often used with “PRODUCT”.
Categorize the adjectives into groups according to their meaning.
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everyday; |
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state-of-the-art; |
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pharmaceutical; |
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user-friendly; |
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meat; |
food; |
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dairy; |
waste; |
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unique; |
quality; |
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commercial; |
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unequalled; |
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consumer; |
industrial; |
high tech; |
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innovative; |
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household; |
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finished; |
natural; |
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cereal; |
robust; |
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deluxe; |
beauty; |
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agricultural; |
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manufactured; |
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sophisticated; |
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software; |
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b) Give the English equivalents for:
складний виріб; (технічно) складний товар (товар / послуга зі складною структурою або складною технологією виробництва);
зручний для користування продукт; дружній до користувача продукт;
промислові товари; товари промислового призначення; молочні продукти фабричного виробництва;
комерційний виріб; виріб (промисловий або побутовий), який випускається серійно;
буденний, повсякденний товар (наприклад, продукти харчування, миючі засоби тощо);
найновіший, передовий товар; товар, який відповідає останньому слову техніки;
програмний продукт; програмний виріб; програма як товар;
міцний (за конструкцією), надійний, витривалий товар;
кінцевий продукт; готова продукція, готовий виріб;
косметичний товар (засоби для догляду за шкірою);
неперевершений (незрівнянний, чудовий) продукт;
господарчий товар; предмет домашнього вжитку;
продовольчі товари; продукти харчування;
виріб високої якості; якісна продукція;
м’ясний продукт; м’ясна продукція;
зерновий, хлібний, злаковий товар;
природній, натуральний продукт;
сільськогосподарська продукція;
товар-новинка, новий продукт;
відходи; непридатні продукти;
високотехнологічний продукт;
фармацевтична продукція;
промисловий виріб;
молочний продукт;
споживчий товар.
c) Think and answer.
Which of the words in Task 2 a) are frequently used in product advertising?
What are some examples of household products?
What are consumer products?
What state-of-the-art products do you enjoy?
What makes a product user-friendly? Give examples of user-friendly products.
d) Find synonyms among the adjectives in Task 2 a).
Task 3. Make the difference between the following synonyms.
to PRODUCE |
vs. |
to MANUFACTURE |
1. Produce means to cultivate by growing, to yield, change or manufacture. |
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When you manufacture something, you are putting parts together to create a new whole. Manufacture is more specific than produce. |
2. Primary resources such as coal, oil and crops are produced. |
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Secondary and tertiary products (третичні продукти) like steel, cars and electronics are manufactured (or produced). Manufacturing involves assembly, refinement and/or processing. |
E.g. A farm can produce crops, which are goods but it cannot manufacture them. |
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A coal mine can produce quantities of coal but it cannot manufacture coal. |
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An automobile factory can manufacture cars, but you could also say it produces cars. |
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3. Production can be small scale, for example fabrication by hand by artisans (ремісники, майстрові). |
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Manufacturing now implies an assembly-line factory that performs large-scale production. Manufactured goods generally are made in large quantities. |
4. Produce refers to an outcome based on a process involving interactions of the agent with its environment or with other agents: Chickens produce eggs. We’re producing a television show. The outcome is described as a “product.” |
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Manufacture implies an intention and a procedural method, but doesn’t imply the nature of the agent. The agent manufactures something by following a sequential series of steps. It also implies that the outcome is not necessarily unique: I manufactured 12 sandwiches, all the same. The factory manufactures automobiles. |
5. Production is the quantitative produce out of manufacturing. Production is a subset of manufacturing. |
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Manufacturing (mfg.) involves production, maintenance, quality control and all other operations. |
6. Production is implied for a product, which may be a part of the usable item, may alone will not be usable, while manufacturing of a product is about the complete processes for that product till the final product. |
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In general manufacturing encompasses all the stages of producing a product – from design, development, prototype testing and to final production of the product on mass scale. The term production generally refers to the last stage i.e. manufacturing on “large scale.” |
Task 4. a) The words below often occur after “PRODUCT”.
copy
key
label
PRODUCT
acceptance
assortment
benefit
attribute
availability
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b) Which of the above word-combinations means:
ключ захисту програмного продукту;
властивість товару (відмінна риса / характеристика товару);
товарна етикетка (прикріплена до товару бірка з інформацією про нього);
наявність товару (присутність необхідного товару в магазині або на складі);
рекламний текст (інформація про товар, яка міститься в каталозі або рекламному повідомленні);
товарний асортимент, товарна номенклатура (різноманітні асортиментні групи – різноманітні товари, – що пропонуються виробником / продавцем на ринок);
товарна вигода (позитивний або сприятливий ефект, який отримують в результаті використання товару; наприклад, густе і сяюче волосся після використання шампуню певної марки; усі або основні товарні вигоди зазначаються в рекламі товару);
схвалення (визнання) товару (підтвердження відповідності конкретного товару вимогам споживача, нормам якості та функціональності, що встановлені для товарів даної категорії); визнання товару на ринку, прийняття товару ринком?
c) Think and answer.
What is the function of a product key?
How does product acceptance manifest itself?
What information does a product label usually contain?
What is the purpose of a product copy? How would a copy of an innovative product sound?
How can product assortment and availability influence customers’ purchasing decisions?
Are product benefits a direct result and expression of its attributes?
Task 5. Translate into Ukrainian paying special attention to the words in italics.
1. We are having a bit of a debate here about our product copy. 2. Writing the product copy can be tedious to some marketers, and it may turn out to be monotonous. 3. In order to install or reinstall Microsoft Office, Windows, or most other commercial software, you must have access to a product key (CD Key) for that version of the product. But, if you can no longer find the product key, you lose a valuable license. 4. The product label is the main source of information on the safe and effective use of a product. 5. Product attributes are distinctive tangible and intangible features of a product that give it its value to a user. 6. Comparative advertising compares two or more brands on the basis of one or more product attributes. 7. Product benefit is an actual factor (cost effectiveness, design, performance, etc.) or perceived factor (image, popularity, reputation, etc.) that satisfies what a customer needs or wants. 8. Core product benefit is a key attribute of a product in the mind of the consumer when making a purchasing decision. 9. Product availability is becoming an increasingly important issue for consumers seeking out convenient grocery solutions. 10. Product availability is the key to customer loyalty. 11. Consumer perception, product acceptance and purchase intent are interrelated concepts. 12. The product team examined product acceptance and made potentially useful suggestions for creating products that people want. 13. Product assortment (also known as a product depth) is the number of each item or particular style of a product. 14. Product assortment may have an impact on individuals’ buying decisions.
Task 6. Study the following word combinations.
