- •Isbn 966-629-071-5
- •Contents
- •Business and entrepreneurship
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •A business vs. Business
- •What is Business?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •When pleasure interferes with business, give up business. (from American)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Verbs frequently used with Business Conduct; do; transact; drum up; build up; establish; launch; set up in; manage; operate; run.
- •Which word?
- •Forms of Business Organization
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“Mom and pop business” [`mOm ænd pOp `bıznəs] – амер. Дрібне приватне підприємництво; родинний бізнес, приватна крамничка;
- •Colloquial expression [kə`ləukwiəl ık`spre∫ən] – розмовний зворот (вираз);
- •Which word?
- •Which word?
- •Design, invent or engineer?
- •Which word?
- •Creative / artistic / innovative / original / imaginative / ingenious / inventive
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary building intrapreneur
- •Unit 3. Doing business internationally Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Adjective or noun?
- •B) Read aloud the following sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
- •Task 9. Think and answer.
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text.
- •International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 14. A) Translate the words in column a and their derivatives in columns b and c. Use your dictionary if necessary.
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Affect / effect [ə`fekt] [ı`fekt]
- •Unit 4. Communication in business Lesson 1
- •Modern Means of Business Communication
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •The Internet
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •How are computer words formed?
- •Lesson 2
- •Cross-cultural Barriers to Business Communication
- •1) Stereotypes
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •2) Time
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •3) Space
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •4) Body language
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •5) Etiquette
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •6) Translation problems
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Module test 1.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Econom-
- •Which word?
- •Economics vs. Economy
- •The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.
- •Economics
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.”
- •“Too many people spend money they haven’t earned, to buy things they don’t want, to impress people they don’t like.” (Will Smith)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Economic vs. Economical
- •Which word?
- •Economic goods vs. Economy goods
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Increase, growth or rise?
- •Economy
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Trade / business / industry
- •Which word?
- •Supplier or distributor?
- •Task 12. A) Define the meaning of the word “трейдер” in Ukrainian. Let the following headlines from Ukrainian mass media be your clues.
- •What is Trade?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Trade or Commerce?
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Verb or noun?
- •Vocabulary building bimonthly / biweekly biyearly etc.
- •Forms of Trade
- •Vocabulaty Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Trade vs. Trades
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Modern Patterns of International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Module test 2.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Product, market and marketing
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Noun or verb?
- •A service that people can buy, especially a way of investing or saving money
- •Which word?
- •Brand / label / make
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •What is Product?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Product Breadth vs. Product Depth
- •Three Levels of a Product
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Understanding Information on Products
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •-Ability
- •Market-
- •Which word?
- •Marketplace vs. Marketspace
- •Which word?
- •Market niche vs. Niche market
- •Adjectives frequently used with market
- •Narrow / short / thin / heavy / tight / weak / broad / close / distant
- •Which word?
- •Demand or market?
- •Market and Market Relations
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Desire vs. Need / desire vs. Wish / need vs. Urge
- •Which word?
- •Distribution / delivery / dispatch / logistics
- •What is Marketing?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in Marketing
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Торговець, продавець
- •Extended Marketing Mix
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Customer / client / clientele / consumer / account
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Advertising vs. Advertisement
- •Advertising
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Copyright vs. Copywriter
- •Advertising Today
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 27. Translate into English.
- •Marketing vs. Advertising: What’s the Difference?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Money and banking
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Money vs. Moneys / monies
- •Which word?
- •What is Money?
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Describing what happens to currencies
- •Money vs. Currency
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Vocabulary building When a company fails
- •Bank Staff
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •What is a Bank?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Credit vs. Loan
- •Which word?
- •Share vs. Stock
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part I)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Task 13. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Task 15. Find in the text “What is Finance?” (Part I) (Task 11) the words opposite in meaning to the following:
- •Which word?
- •Income / earnings / revenue
- •What three basic things do companies do when they lack money to cover operating costs?
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Fund vs finance
- •Task 3. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 4. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part II)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Task 15. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box.
- •Lesson 3
- •Accounting Connected with the period of twelve months over which a government or a company prepares a full set of financial records, or part of this period
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal vs. Financial
- •Year in Year out
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal Crises vs. Financial Crises
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Account / bill / invoice / check / tab
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 18. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Lesson 2
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 4. Give number of the paragraph(s) in which they discuss …
- •Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Company. Human resources. Management
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Company vs. Campaign
- •Which word?
- •Corporation vs. Company
- •Talking about Companies
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 17. In the text “Talking about Companies” (Task 12) find the words which can be tranlsted as:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Starting a business
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary building Subsidiaries and groups of companies
- •Some of the World’s Oldest Companies
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Organizational Structure
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Vocabulary building colleagues and rivals
- •Vocabulary building Staff
- •Human Resources
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Ensure vs. Insure
- •Vocabulary building Employing people
- •Vocabulary building Getting rid of employees
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •-Ability
- •Vocabulary building Words for Bosses
- •Management and Managers
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 2
- •Levels and Patterns of Management
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Authoritarian / authoritative / autocratic / bossy
- •Leadership Styles
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Eeffective vs. Efficient
- •Module test 6.
- •Variant 1. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •An organization that a company forms for its employees to represent them when dealing with the managers;
- •Variant 3. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •Afterword:
- •Glossary of terms
- •References:
- •Іт ресурси:
Vocabulary Notes:
one receives [rı`si:vz] – одержують, отримують;
tangible [`tænGəbəl] – відчутний (на дотик); такий, що сприймається дотиком; матеріальний; ясний; відчутний, помітний; реальний;
intangible [ın`tænGəbəl] – невідчутний (на дотик); невловимий; нематеріальний, невидимий;
attribute [`ætrıbju:t] – характерна ознака, атрибут, символ, властивість;
expected benefits [ık`spektıd `benıfıts] – очікувана користь (вигода, прибуток);
to refer (to) [rı`fə:] – мати відношення (до); відноситися, стосуватися, торкатися; відсилати (до чогось), давати посилання, посилатися (на щось);
political economist [pə`lıtıkəl ı`kOnəmıst] – політеконом;
retailing [rı`teıəlıŋ] – роздрібна торгівля;
manufacturing [ֽmænju`fækt∫ərıŋ] – виробництво; виготовлення, вироблення; фабрикація; обробка; обробна промисловість;
to purchase [`pə:t∫əs] – купувати; закуповувати; придбавати; здобути, завоювати (довіру);
raw materials [ֽrO: mə`tıəriəl] – сировина; сирий матеріал; матеріали-напівфабрикати; вихідна матерія; необроблений матеріал;
finished goods [`fını∫t gudz] – готова продукція;
widely available [`waıdli ə`veıləbəl] – широко доступний; наявний всюди;
open market – відкритий ринок (ринок, на який може вийти будь-який бажаючий продавець або покупець);
to acquire [əkwaıə] / [əkwaıər] – набувати, купувати, придбати; досягати;
to interact (with) [ֽıntər`ækt] – взаємодіяти (з);
to experience [ık`spıəriənts] / [ık`spıriənts] – знати з досвіду; зазнавати, випробувати;
the four Ps [fO: `pi:z] – чотири Пі (елементи маркетингового комплексу);
marketing mix [`mα:kıtıŋ mıks] – маркетинговий комплекс; структура маркетингу;
to tend [tend] – мати тенденцію; схилятися (до чогось);
to distinguish (from) [dı`stıŋgwı∫] – відокремлювати, виокремлювати, розрізняти; встановлювати різницю по суті;
distinction [dı`stıŋk∫ən] – різниця; розбіжність; відмінність;
to blur [blə:] – розмивати; зробити неясним; затьмарити;
general usage [`Genərəl `ju:sıG] – загальне вживання;
in general usage – загальновживаний;
item [`aıtəm] – предмет; виріб; об’єкт; річ; одиниця;
unit [`ju:nıt] – об’єкт; предмет;
equivalent products [ı`kwıvələnt `prOdAkts] – еквівалентні продукти;
industrial classification [ın`dAstriəl ֽklæsıfı`keı∫ən] – промислова класифікація;
delivering [dı`lıvərıŋ] – передача; постачання; доставка; виробка, виробництво;
consumer products [kən`sju:mə `prOdAkts] – споживчі товари;
industrial products [ın`dAstriəl `prOdAkts] – промислові вироби;
firm’s operations – діяльність, робота фірми;
product line [`prOdAkt laın] / [`prα:dAkt laın] – лінія (лінійка) продуктів (сукупність взаємодоповнюючих продуктів, які випускаються тією чи іншою фірмою. Дане поняття слід відрізняти від “сімейства продуктів); товарна лінія, продуктова лінія (група взаємопов’язаних товарів, які виготовляються даним виробником під певною назвою і торговельною маркою, наприклад серія доповнюючих один одного косметичних засобів “Черный жемчуг”); асортимент виробів; товарна серія; предметно-виробнича спеціалізація;
outlet [`autlet] – ринок збуту; торговельна точка; магазин; можливість збуту;
price range [reındჳ] – діапазон (розбіг, коливання) цін (інтервал між найвищою та найнижчою ціною, за якою товар або цінні папери продавалися впродовж певного періоду; термін переважно вживається у біржовій торгівлі);
a range of (product lines) [reındჳ] – номенклатура (продуктових ліній; товарних ліній);
satisfaction in use [ֽsætıs`fæk∫ən ın ju:s] – задоволення від користування;
to perceive [pə`si:v] / [pər`si:v] – сприймати, розуміти, усвідомлювати; осягати; відчувати; почувати, розрізняти.
Task 16. Complete the sentences making the most appropriate choice.
Product is everything that one …
produces and consumes;
receives in an exchange;
perceives it to be;
all the above;
The concept of product includes …
intangible attributes;
tangible attributes;
expected benefits;
all the above;
The economic and commercial meaning of product was first used by …
Adam Smith;
David Ricardo;
Robert Torrens;
Jean Baptist Say;
In retailing, products are called …
equivalent products;
finished goods;
commodities;
merchandise;
Products purchased to satisfy personal and family needs are …
industrial products;
consumer products;
equivalent products;
agricultural products;
A product involves the …
brand name;
quality and price;
satisfaction in use;
all the above and more;
Task 17. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Correct false statements.
The word “product” has referred to anything produced since the early 16th century.
Political economist Adam Smith first used the economic or commercial meaning of product.
In retailing, products are called commodities.
In marketing, products are purchased as raw materials and sold as finished goods.
Commodities include not only raw materials or agricultural products.
In general usage, product refers only to a single item or unit.
Products bought for use in firm’s operations or to make other products are consumer products.
A product is much more than a physical object.
Task 18. Match items in column A with their synonyms in column B.
A |
B |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Task 19. a) Match the terms in column A with their definitions in column B:
A |
B |
|
|
b) Translate into Ukrainian paying specal attention to the words in italics.
Nike outlets are supplied directly from the factory.
The business has 34 retail outlets in this city alone.
The choice of consumer goods available in local shops is small.
After the war there were shortages of food and consumer goods.
The marketing mix is probably the most famous marketing term.
The key focus of the marketing mix will be on price and distribution.
A well-known UK supermarket launches more than 1,000 new product lines each year.
All products within a product line are related, but may vary in terms of size, colour, quality etc.
Task 20. Translate into English.
1. Продукт – це все, що отримують в обмін. 2. Поняття “продукт” включає в себе всі матеріальні й нематеріальні ознаки та очікувані переваги. 3. З 16 століття термін “продукт” відноситься до всього, що виробляється. 4. Економічне чи комерційне значення продукту вперше було застосоване політекономом Адамом Смітом. 5. У маркетингу продукт – це все, що може бути запропоноване на ринок для задоволення бажань чи потреб споживачів. 6. Продукт – це один із елементів маркетингового комплексу. 7. У виробництві продукція закуповується як сировина і продається як готові вироби. 8. Поняття “продукт” може стосуватися окремих виробів або груп товарів і послуг. 9. Товар – це реальна, фізична, матеріальна річ, яка виробляється і споживається. 10. Послуга – це нематеріальна ознака, що включає в себе продаж допомоги чи порад, або доставку товарів покупцям. 11. Продукти можуть поділятися на дві основні групи: споживчі та промислові. 12. Продукти, які купуються для задоволення особистих потреб чи потреб сім’ї, називаються споживчими товарами. 13. Товари, що закуповуються для використання в діяльності фірми або для виготовлення іншої продукції, називаються промисловими товарами. 14. Товарна лінія – це група продуктів, які тісно взаємозв’язані, тому що діють схожим чином, або продаються тим самим групам споживачів, або ж реалізуються через одні й ті ж самі торговельні точки. 15. Багато підприємств пропонують асортимент товарних ліній, які можуть бути одиничними для конкретної організації, або загальними для усієї галузі. 16. Продукт – це набагато більше, ніж фізичний об’єкт. 17. Продукт включає в себе також ціну, товарну назву (бренд), якість, задоволення від використання та багато більше. 18. Продукт – це те, що сприймає покупець або потенційний покупець.
Task 21. Answer the questions.
What is product?
Product includes all tangible and intangible attributes and expected benefits, doesn’t it?
Since what time has the word “product” referred to anything produced?
Who was the first to attach economic or commercial meaning to “product”?
How is the concept of “product” interpreted in marketing?
How are products called in retailing?
In which area are products purchased as raw materials and sold as finished goods?
Can raw materials such as metals and agricultural products be called commodities?
Can a commodity be anything widely available in the open market?
What does “product” refer to in general usage?
What is a good?
What is a service? What does it involve?
Into what general categories can products be grouped?
What is the difference between consumer and industrial products?
What is a product line?
What product lines do many businesses offer?
Are there product lines which are unique to a single organization? Are there product lines which may be common across the business’s industry?
Why is product much more than a physical object?
Task 22. Say what you know about …
The scope of meanings of the word “product”.
Words which can be used for “product” and their usage in different areas of business.
The difference between goods and services.
Product classification.
Product lines.
The importance of perception of a product by potential buyers.
Task 23. Comment on the following sayings.
“A man is but the product of his thoughts: what he thinks, he becomes.” (Mahatma Gandhi)
“In the end, all business operations can be reduced to three words: people, product and profits. Unless you’ve got a good team, you can’t do much with the other two.” (Lee Iacocca)
“You sell a company twice. First of all, you sell them the product, then you sell them the service.” (Richard Brock)
“In gardens, beauty is a by-product.” (Sam Llewelyn)
“When the product is right, you don’t have to be a great marketer.” (Lee Iacocca)
“The chief product of an automated society is a widespread and deepening sense of boredom.” (C. Northcote Parkinson, English writer, 1909-1993)
