A service that people can buy, especially a way of investing or saving money

b) Which meaning of the word is revealed in the following sentences?

1. Consumers are becoming more suspicious of advertising claims about products that they buy.

2. The eastern frontier of France was the product of centuries of historical accidents.

3. The country’s imports of consumer products jumped 33% in this year.

4. These teenagers are typical products of the private education system.

5. The bank is the product of a 2008 merger of two Japanese banks.

6. The system we have now is the product of years of research.

7. This story is, of course, only the product of her imagination.

8. The bank is now offering two new financial products.

9. Try to get the best product at the lowest price.

10. He is a product of his time.

c) Make up similar sentences of your own.

Task 8. a) Build the words using the stem and flexions in the chart below.

b) Which of the derived words means:

• to make or grow something, especially in large quantities and in order to be sold;

• the process of making or growing things in large quantities, especially in a factory or on a farm, so that they can be sold;

• something made, grown, or obtained in large quantities so that it can be sold;

• a person or company that grows food or makes goods to be sold; a country or region that produces a lot of something;

• making or growing things in large quantities, especially so that they can be sold; achieving good results;

• the rate at which goods are produced, especially in relation to the time, money, and workers needed to produce them;

• capable of being produced, brought forward, brought forth, generated, made, or extended?

Task 9. a) Translate into Ukrainian paying special attention to the words in italics.

1. Their efforts produced no results. 2. The company have just produced a luxury version of the aircraft. 3. The work was in some degree the produce of their joint efforts. 4. I’m quite pleased that we do have the capacity to produce that much food. 5. The company is a producer of industrial and electronic materials. 6. It is the world’s largest car producer. 7. They have been losing business to lower-cost producers. 8. Is the technology producible? 9. Oil was discovered in producible quantities in Venezuela. 10. Recycling of waste products, including used papers, used glass, used metals, used textile, used plastic etc. has become big business.

11. Dairy products are generally defined as foodstuffs produced from milk. They are usually high-energy-yielding food products. 12. Since the late 1990s, many software products have been offered as a service, so that the customers – businesses or end consumers – run the same application without installing the software on their computers. 13. We are all products of our time. 14. He saw poverty as the by-product of colonial prosperity. 15. Production of the new aircraft will start next month. 16. The new computer will be in production by the end of the year. 17. That model went out of production in 2008. 18. Training makes workers highly productive. 19. More productive farmers have been able to provide cheaper food. 20. He was hopeful that the next round of talks would also be productive. 21. He has had a long and productive career. 22. Workers have boosted productivity by 30 per cent. 23. Wage rates depend on levels of productivity. 24. Employees were offered a monthly productivity bonus.

b) Think and answer.

1. What items can be made of recycled waste products? (toys; stationery; plastic containers; packages etc.)

2. Why do European companies find it more and more difficult to compete with Chineese producers? (e.g. low-cost producers; more productive etc.)

3. What country is the world’s largest car producer?

4. Are there producible quantities of oil in Ukraine?

5. What consumer software products do you use? Which of them are offered as a service? (e.g. Microsoft Office by Microsoft; TurboTax by Intuit; Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software by Salesforce.com; consumer shopping comparison software by Shopping.com; various web search tools offered by Google, Yahoo!; the auction marketplace by eBay)

6. We are all products of our time, aren’t we? What makes a person a product of his / her time? Is it unavoidable?

7. Is one person’s poverty always the by-product of another person’s prosperity? Why?

8. What makes workers highly productive? What about students?

9. What makes you most productive?

10. What do wage rates depend on? Does improved productivity always lead to increased wages? Why?

Task 10. a) The words below frequently occur after “PRODUCT”.

team life name PRODUCT personality capabilities image company family

b) Which of the above word-combinations means:

• термін служби виробу, довговічність виробу, життєвий цикл виробу; термін експлуатації, експлуатаційний період (період часу, протягом якого товар повинен бути придатним до використання); тривалість випуску виробу (на підприємстві);

• відділ (група) розробки товару (відділ компанії, який займається розробкою та вдосконаленням (модифікацією) товарів); група розробників виробу;

• назва (найменування) товару (певне ім’я, під яким товар відомий споживачам);

• імідж товару, образ товару (уявлення про товар, яке складається у споживачів у процесі використання товару та під впливом громадської думки, у формуванні якої беруть участь різні інструменти комунікації – реклама, пропаганда, чутки); престиж продукції;

• сімейство товарів, продуктів; лінія товарів; сукупність аналогічних за призначенням, але відмінних за реалізацією продуктів; серія товарів (група товарів, вироблених однією фірмою та об’єднаною за якоюсь ознакою, наприклад, за функціями, оформленням і т.д.);

• виробнича фірма; компанія-виробник (така, що випускає який-небудь товар);

• індивідуальність товару; обличчя товару (створюється з таких компонентів, як дизайн товару, торговельна марка, реклама товару, ціна та інші складові, які відрізняють товар від інших аналогічних товарів; обличчя товару формує його імідж);

• можливості товару (продукту) (властивості товари задовольняти потреби споживачів; залежать від набору функцій товару, тобто тих завдань, які він може виконати); продуктовий потенціал (компанії) (здатність компанії випускати ті чи інші товари)?

c) Think and answer.

1. Can a product name affect shoppers’ decisions to buy it? Why?

2. Does a product name always reflect the product capabilities?

3. Who creates product names? Is it a product team that is in charge of creating product names?

4. What are the main tasks of product teams?

5. What qualities should a person working in a company’s product team possess?

6. What is a product image? How is it developed?

7. What makes a product unique? How is the product personality created?

8. What’s the differenece between product image and product personality? Which of the two terms is the broader? Product personality forms product image, doesn’t it?

9. Where is the information about a product life stated? Do you always pay attention to a product life while shopping?

10. Goods of which product companies do you prefer?

Task 11. a) Study the following words.