
- •Isbn 966-629-071-5
- •Contents
- •Business and entrepreneurship
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •A business vs. Business
- •What is Business?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •When pleasure interferes with business, give up business. (from American)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Verbs frequently used with Business Conduct; do; transact; drum up; build up; establish; launch; set up in; manage; operate; run.
- •Which word?
- •Forms of Business Organization
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“Mom and pop business” [`mOm ænd pOp `bıznəs] – амер. Дрібне приватне підприємництво; родинний бізнес, приватна крамничка;
- •Colloquial expression [kə`ləukwiəl ık`spre∫ən] – розмовний зворот (вираз);
- •Which word?
- •Which word?
- •Design, invent or engineer?
- •Which word?
- •Creative / artistic / innovative / original / imaginative / ingenious / inventive
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary building intrapreneur
- •Unit 3. Doing business internationally Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Adjective or noun?
- •B) Read aloud the following sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
- •Task 9. Think and answer.
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text.
- •International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 14. A) Translate the words in column a and their derivatives in columns b and c. Use your dictionary if necessary.
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Affect / effect [ə`fekt] [ı`fekt]
- •Unit 4. Communication in business Lesson 1
- •Modern Means of Business Communication
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •The Internet
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •How are computer words formed?
- •Lesson 2
- •Cross-cultural Barriers to Business Communication
- •1) Stereotypes
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •2) Time
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •3) Space
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •4) Body language
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •5) Etiquette
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •6) Translation problems
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Module test 1.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Econom-
- •Which word?
- •Economics vs. Economy
- •The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.
- •Economics
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.”
- •“Too many people spend money they haven’t earned, to buy things they don’t want, to impress people they don’t like.” (Will Smith)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Economic vs. Economical
- •Which word?
- •Economic goods vs. Economy goods
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Increase, growth or rise?
- •Economy
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Trade / business / industry
- •Which word?
- •Supplier or distributor?
- •Task 12. A) Define the meaning of the word “трейдер” in Ukrainian. Let the following headlines from Ukrainian mass media be your clues.
- •What is Trade?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Trade or Commerce?
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Verb or noun?
- •Vocabulary building bimonthly / biweekly biyearly etc.
- •Forms of Trade
- •Vocabulaty Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Trade vs. Trades
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Modern Patterns of International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Module test 2.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Product, market and marketing
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Noun or verb?
- •A service that people can buy, especially a way of investing or saving money
- •Which word?
- •Brand / label / make
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •What is Product?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Product Breadth vs. Product Depth
- •Three Levels of a Product
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Understanding Information on Products
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •-Ability
- •Market-
- •Which word?
- •Marketplace vs. Marketspace
- •Which word?
- •Market niche vs. Niche market
- •Adjectives frequently used with market
- •Narrow / short / thin / heavy / tight / weak / broad / close / distant
- •Which word?
- •Demand or market?
- •Market and Market Relations
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Desire vs. Need / desire vs. Wish / need vs. Urge
- •Which word?
- •Distribution / delivery / dispatch / logistics
- •What is Marketing?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in Marketing
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Торговець, продавець
- •Extended Marketing Mix
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Customer / client / clientele / consumer / account
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Advertising vs. Advertisement
- •Advertising
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Copyright vs. Copywriter
- •Advertising Today
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 27. Translate into English.
- •Marketing vs. Advertising: What’s the Difference?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Money and banking
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Money vs. Moneys / monies
- •Which word?
- •What is Money?
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Describing what happens to currencies
- •Money vs. Currency
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Vocabulary building When a company fails
- •Bank Staff
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •What is a Bank?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Credit vs. Loan
- •Which word?
- •Share vs. Stock
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part I)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Task 13. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Task 15. Find in the text “What is Finance?” (Part I) (Task 11) the words opposite in meaning to the following:
- •Which word?
- •Income / earnings / revenue
- •What three basic things do companies do when they lack money to cover operating costs?
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Fund vs finance
- •Task 3. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 4. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part II)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Task 15. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box.
- •Lesson 3
- •Accounting Connected with the period of twelve months over which a government or a company prepares a full set of financial records, or part of this period
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal vs. Financial
- •Year in Year out
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal Crises vs. Financial Crises
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Account / bill / invoice / check / tab
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 18. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Lesson 2
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 4. Give number of the paragraph(s) in which they discuss …
- •Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Company. Human resources. Management
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Company vs. Campaign
- •Which word?
- •Corporation vs. Company
- •Talking about Companies
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 17. In the text “Talking about Companies” (Task 12) find the words which can be tranlsted as:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Starting a business
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary building Subsidiaries and groups of companies
- •Some of the World’s Oldest Companies
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Organizational Structure
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Vocabulary building colleagues and rivals
- •Vocabulary building Staff
- •Human Resources
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Ensure vs. Insure
- •Vocabulary building Employing people
- •Vocabulary building Getting rid of employees
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •-Ability
- •Vocabulary building Words for Bosses
- •Management and Managers
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 2
- •Levels and Patterns of Management
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Authoritarian / authoritative / autocratic / bossy
- •Leadership Styles
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Eeffective vs. Efficient
- •Module test 6.
- •Variant 1. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •An organization that a company forms for its employees to represent them when dealing with the managers;
- •Variant 3. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •Afterword:
- •Glossary of terms
- •References:
- •Іт ресурси:
Task 14. A) Translate the words in column a and their derivatives in columns b and c. Use your dictionary if necessary.
A |
B |
C |
patent |
----------- |
patentee |
franchise |
franchiser |
franchisee |
licence (BrE) / license (AmE) |
licensor / licenser |
licensee |
b) Which word from column A is being defined?
The right to vote in an election, especially one in which people elect a parliament; an authority that is given by a company to someone, allowing him / her to sell its goods and services;
an official document that shows that permission has been given to do, own or use something;
a legal right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product or an invention; a document that proves this.
c) Fill in the blanks in the sentences below using the words from the table in a).
Anyone caught driving dangerously will automatically lose his _____ .
The company won a _____ to operate a mobile phone network.
The first English _____ for a typewriter was issued in 1714.
The traffic officer asked me to show my driving _____ .
In 1878, Edison received a _____ for his phonograph.
The restaurant chain has 257 _____ across Europe.
They won the _____ to operate outlets in the UK.
They operate a business under _____ .
Have you got your driving _____ yet?
The device was protected by _____ .
Task 15. Match items in column A with their synonyms in column B.
A |
B |
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Task 16. In the text “International Business” (Task 11) find antonyms of the following words.
1. Few; |
9. exclude; |
17. slow, rigid; |
2. local; |
10. absence; |
18. similarities; |
3. cause; |
11. national; |
19. unimportant; |
4. failure; |
12. outdated; |
20. unconventional; |
5. to stop; |
13. different; |
21. separately; solely; |
6. barely; |
14. reduction; |
22. isolated, independent; |
7. imports; |
15. to regress; |
23. international; multinational. |
8. indirect; |
16. decreasing; |
|
Task 17. Fill in the blanks with corresponding noun or verb forms. Use your dictionary if necessary.
NOUN |
VERB |
|
to operate |
|
----------- |
|
to determine |
|
----------- |
|
to transact |
|
----------- |
|
to succeed |
|
----------- |
|
to expand |
|
----------- |
|
to own |
|
----------- |
|
to produce |
|
----------- |
|
to represent |
Task 18. a) Translate the following nouns. Find the paronymous (related) adjectives in the text “International Business” (Task 11).
1. Type; |
5. society; |
9. tradition; |
13. signature; |
17. technology; |
2. prime; |
6. variety; |
10. presence; |
14. simplicity; |
18. convention; |
3. nation; |
7. politics; |
11. foreigner; |
15. difference; |
19. globalization; |
4. culture; |
8. religion; |
12. direction; |
16. economics; |
20. collaboration. |
b) Use the derived adjectives in front of the following nouns:
_____ form; |
_____ determinant; |
_____ trade; |
_____ functions / values; |
_____ states; |
_____ conditions / environment; |
_____ markets; |
_____ differences / environment; |
_____ ventures; |
_____ environment / markets / ownership; |
_____ advances; |
_____ countries / levels / pathways / ways; |
_____ conditions; |
_____ (work) environment / marketplace / perspective. |
_____ investment; |
|
Task 19. a) Translate the following word combinations into English and use them in the sentences of your own.
1. Технічний прогрес (успіхи; досягнення); 2. глобальний (світовий) ри-нок; 3. спільна справа / спільне підприємство; 4. інша країна; 5. традиційна торгівля; 6. різні шляхи (напрямки); 7. соціокультурне середовище; 8. глобальна перспектива; 9. основний чинник (детермінанта); 10. культур-ні відмінності; 11. прямі інвестиції; 12. економічні умови; 13. національні ринки; 14. держава-сигнатарій; 15. іноземна власність.
Task 20. a) “Odd man out.” In each line cross out a word (word combination) that in its meaning differs from the others. Explain your choice.
advances – to succeed – determinant;
accords – signatory state – economic conditions;
various pathways – direct investment – joint venture;
global market – MNCs – socio-cultural environment;
conventional trade – stereotype – cultural differences;
international scale – global perspective – domestic markets;
foreign ownership – religious conditions – a different country.
b) Use some of the items in a) to fill in the blanks in the sentences below.
The _____ is greatly affected by technology and commerce.
There are _____ for firms to engage in international business.
In today’s multicultural business world it is both useful and necessary to be aware of _____.
It is an age of enormous and unprecedented expansion in scientific, technical and economic activity on an _____.
When two or more organizations share in the ownership of a direct investment, the operation is known as a _____.
Task 21. Some words can be used both as a noun and a verb. Complete the table with the appropriate words from the text “International Business”.
№ |
ІМЕННИК |
ДІЄСЛОВО |
ПЕРЕКЛАД |
1. |
Вплив; особа / фактор, що впливає; |
впливати; виявляти вплив; |
----------- |
2. |
франшиза; ліцензія; комерційна концесія; |
надавати фірмі / особі франшизу; |
----------- |
3. |
закупівля; покупка; |
купувати; закуповувати; придбавати; |
----------- |
4. |
функція; призначення; |
функціонувати; діяти; |
----------- |
5. |
просування; успіх; поліпшення; прогрес; |
просуватися вперед; удосконалюватися; робити успіхи; |
----------- |
6. |
ризикована справа; авантюра; підприємство; |
ризикувати (чимось), ставити на карту; |
----------- |
7. |
служба, обслуговування; сервіс; |
обслуговувати; проводити огляд і поточний ремонт (автомобіля тощо); |
----------- |
8. |
зміна; переміна; заміна; |
змінювати(ся); міняти(ся); обмінювати(ся); |
----------- |
9. |
ринок; базар; торгівля; збут; |
торгувати; купувати / продавати на ринку; реалізувати, збувати; знаходити ринок збуту; |
----------- |
10. |
патент; диплом; запатенто-ваний предмет / винахід; |
патентувати; брати патент (на щось); |
----------- |
11. |
група; угруповання; фракція; |
групувати(ся); розподіляти по групах, класифікувати; |
----------- |
12. |
цінність; важливість; вартість; валюта; ціна; |
оцінювати; цінити, цінувати; |
----------- |
13. |
робота; труд; справа, діло; заняття; твір, праця; |
працювати, трудитися; примушувати працювати; діяти, бути в дії; |
----------- |
14. |
причина; підстава; привід, мотив; справа; |
спричиняти, завдавати, викликати; змушувати; |
----------- |
15. |
торгівля, заняття; ремесло; професія; |
торгувати; постійно купувати, бути постійним покупцем; |
----------- |
16. |
наказ, розпорядження; інструкція; |
наказувати; розпоряджатися; |
----------- |
17. |
форма; обриси; зовнішній вигляд; |
надавати форми; набувати форми; формувати(ся), складати; утворювати(ся); |
----------- |
18. |
кількість, частка; розм. угода; |
торгувати; спілкуватися; мати справу; |
----------- |
Task 22. Translate into English.
1. Світ бізнесу продовжує зменшуватися. 2. Так чи інакше ми всі взаємопов’язані в сучасному світі. 3. Глобалізація – це результат успіху підприємств у царині міжнародного бізнесу. 4. Міжнародний бізнес є динамічною діяльністю, яка змінюється, пристосовується відповідно до наявних умов. 5. Окрім класичної торгівлі, міжнародний бізнес може набувати різноманітних форм. 6. Спільні підприємства, змішані комісії, угоди щодо патентів, ліцензій, ноу-хау є формами міжнародного бізнесу. 7. Експорт, франшизи та ліцензування дозволяють компанії здійснювати міжнародну ділову експансію, не володіючи майном за кордоном. 8. Багатонаціональні корпорації є важливими гравцями на міжнародних ринках. 9. Мультинаціонали зазвичай мають філії та спільні підприємства на багатьох національних ринках. 10. Спосіб ведення бізнесу зазнає суттєвого впливу соціокультурного, політичного, економічного та законодавчого середовищ у кожній країні, в якій компанія веде бізнес. 11. Успіх у міжнародному бізнесі в більшій мірі вимагає ділової жилки, аніж керування вітчизняним підприємством. 12. Починаючи з міжнародної торгівлі, і закінчуючи прямими інвестиціями, бізнес ведеться по-різному на різних рівнях у різних країнах. 13. Міжнародні угоди передбачають відповідні стандарти у веденні міжнародного бізнесу. 14. По своїй суті міжнародний бізнес є головною детермінантою міжнародної торгівлі. 15. Торгівля допомагає запобігати конфліктам.
Task 23. Answer the questions.
Why does the business world continue to get smaller?
Which modern phenomena prove that we are all interconnected in today’s world?
What is one result of the increasing success of international business ventures?
What dynamic activity changes, adapts and responds according to respective conditions?
What does the term “international business” denote?
What is the simplest form of international business?
Apart from conventional trade international business takes various forms, doesn’t it?
Can international business take such forms as transactions in patents, licences, know-how, joint ventures, and mixed commissions?
Into what categories are different pathways to international expansion typically grouped?
What are multinational corporations?
What are well known examples of MNCs?
Is international expansion possible without foreign ownership? Explain your answer.
MNCs typically have subsidiaries or joint ventures in a number of national markets, don’t they?
What does international business success require?
What requirements are placed on skills and qualifications of international business experts?
Which conditions (environments) cause the differences in doing international business?
What treaties provide a uniform framework for how business should be influenced between signatory states?
International business by its nature is a primary determinant of international trade, isn’t it?
How can trade help to prevent conflict?
Can international business help people understand cultural differences as well as the global work environment?
Task 24. Say what you know about:
The simplest form of international business.
Different pathways to international expansion.
Major players in international markets.
Challenges experts in international business deal with.
Economic, political, social, religious diversity of the international business environment.
Major treaties in the field of international business.
The importance of international business for promoting cross-cultural tolerance.
Task 25. Comment on the following statements.
The business world continues to get smaller.
“Nokia mobile phones are designed in Sweden, the chips are made in Taiwan [ˏtaı`wa:n] by a group of engineers in India, and assembled in Texas [`teksəs].”
We are part of the “global marketplace.”
Trade helps to prevent conflict.