- •Isbn 966-629-071-5
- •Contents
- •Business and entrepreneurship
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •A business vs. Business
- •What is Business?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •When pleasure interferes with business, give up business. (from American)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Verbs frequently used with Business Conduct; do; transact; drum up; build up; establish; launch; set up in; manage; operate; run.
- •Which word?
- •Forms of Business Organization
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“Mom and pop business” [`mOm ænd pOp `bıznəs] – амер. Дрібне приватне підприємництво; родинний бізнес, приватна крамничка;
- •Colloquial expression [kə`ləukwiəl ık`spre∫ən] – розмовний зворот (вираз);
- •Which word?
- •Which word?
- •Design, invent or engineer?
- •Which word?
- •Creative / artistic / innovative / original / imaginative / ingenious / inventive
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary building intrapreneur
- •Unit 3. Doing business internationally Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Adjective or noun?
- •B) Read aloud the following sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
- •Task 9. Think and answer.
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text.
- •International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 14. A) Translate the words in column a and their derivatives in columns b and c. Use your dictionary if necessary.
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Affect / effect [ə`fekt] [ı`fekt]
- •Unit 4. Communication in business Lesson 1
- •Modern Means of Business Communication
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •The Internet
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •How are computer words formed?
- •Lesson 2
- •Cross-cultural Barriers to Business Communication
- •1) Stereotypes
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •2) Time
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •3) Space
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •4) Body language
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •5) Etiquette
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •6) Translation problems
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Module test 1.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Econom-
- •Which word?
- •Economics vs. Economy
- •The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.
- •Economics
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.”
- •“Too many people spend money they haven’t earned, to buy things they don’t want, to impress people they don’t like.” (Will Smith)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Economic vs. Economical
- •Which word?
- •Economic goods vs. Economy goods
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Increase, growth or rise?
- •Economy
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Trade / business / industry
- •Which word?
- •Supplier or distributor?
- •Task 12. A) Define the meaning of the word “трейдер” in Ukrainian. Let the following headlines from Ukrainian mass media be your clues.
- •What is Trade?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Trade or Commerce?
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Verb or noun?
- •Vocabulary building bimonthly / biweekly biyearly etc.
- •Forms of Trade
- •Vocabulaty Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Trade vs. Trades
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Modern Patterns of International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Module test 2.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Product, market and marketing
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Noun or verb?
- •A service that people can buy, especially a way of investing or saving money
- •Which word?
- •Brand / label / make
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •What is Product?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Product Breadth vs. Product Depth
- •Three Levels of a Product
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Understanding Information on Products
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •-Ability
- •Market-
- •Which word?
- •Marketplace vs. Marketspace
- •Which word?
- •Market niche vs. Niche market
- •Adjectives frequently used with market
- •Narrow / short / thin / heavy / tight / weak / broad / close / distant
- •Which word?
- •Demand or market?
- •Market and Market Relations
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Desire vs. Need / desire vs. Wish / need vs. Urge
- •Which word?
- •Distribution / delivery / dispatch / logistics
- •What is Marketing?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in Marketing
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Торговець, продавець
- •Extended Marketing Mix
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Customer / client / clientele / consumer / account
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Advertising vs. Advertisement
- •Advertising
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Copyright vs. Copywriter
- •Advertising Today
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 27. Translate into English.
- •Marketing vs. Advertising: What’s the Difference?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Money and banking
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Money vs. Moneys / monies
- •Which word?
- •What is Money?
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Describing what happens to currencies
- •Money vs. Currency
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Vocabulary building When a company fails
- •Bank Staff
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •What is a Bank?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Credit vs. Loan
- •Which word?
- •Share vs. Stock
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part I)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Task 13. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Task 15. Find in the text “What is Finance?” (Part I) (Task 11) the words opposite in meaning to the following:
- •Which word?
- •Income / earnings / revenue
- •What three basic things do companies do when they lack money to cover operating costs?
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Fund vs finance
- •Task 3. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 4. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part II)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Task 15. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box.
- •Lesson 3
- •Accounting Connected with the period of twelve months over which a government or a company prepares a full set of financial records, or part of this period
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal vs. Financial
- •Year in Year out
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal Crises vs. Financial Crises
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Account / bill / invoice / check / tab
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 18. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Lesson 2
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 4. Give number of the paragraph(s) in which they discuss …
- •Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Company. Human resources. Management
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Company vs. Campaign
- •Which word?
- •Corporation vs. Company
- •Talking about Companies
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 17. In the text “Talking about Companies” (Task 12) find the words which can be tranlsted as:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Starting a business
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary building Subsidiaries and groups of companies
- •Some of the World’s Oldest Companies
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Organizational Structure
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Vocabulary building colleagues and rivals
- •Vocabulary building Staff
- •Human Resources
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Ensure vs. Insure
- •Vocabulary building Employing people
- •Vocabulary building Getting rid of employees
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •-Ability
- •Vocabulary building Words for Bosses
- •Management and Managers
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 2
- •Levels and Patterns of Management
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Authoritarian / authoritative / autocratic / bossy
- •Leadership Styles
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Eeffective vs. Efficient
- •Module test 6.
- •Variant 1. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •An organization that a company forms for its employees to represent them when dealing with the managers;
- •Variant 3. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •Afterword:
- •Glossary of terms
- •References:
- •Іт ресурси:
Unit 3. Doing business internationally Lesson 1
Task 1. a) Study the following words.
Which word?
Adjective or noun?
|
|
VISIBLE |
VISIBLES (Plural) |
видимий (про статті торговельного балансу, торговельні операції, доходи і т.п., пов’язані з експортом та імпортом товарів); |
експорт та імпорт товарів (а не послуг); |
TANGIBLE |
TANGIBLES (Plural) |
речовий, матеріальний, відчутний на дотик; |
фізичні речі, в які можна інвестувати (а не інвестування в цінні папери); |
MOVABLE |
MOVABLES (Plural) |
рухомий (про майно); |
рухомість, рухоме майно; |
MULTINATIONAL |
|
багатонаціональний; такий, що має підприємства, офіси в різних країнах; |
мультинаціональна (багатонаціональна) компанія (корпорація); мультинаціонал. |
b) Give the English equivalents for:
невидимі статті платіжного балансу; невидимі статті експорту або імпорту (послуги, такі як банківська справа, освіта, туризм і т.д., які країни експортують чи імпортують);
нематеріальне майно;
нерухомість.
Task 2. Give the opposites for:
|
----------- |
|
----------- |
|
----------- |
|
----------- |
|
----------- |
|
----------- |
|
----------- |
|
----------- |
|
----------- |
Task 3. a) Match the terms in column A with their definitions in column B:
A |
B |
|
|
b) Translate into Ukrainian paying special attention to the words in italics.
1. Tangibles are material assets. 2. There can be many problems in investing in tangibles like antiques. 3. Prices of tangibles (tangible goods) are rising faster than services. 4. Property is divided into immovables and movables. 5. Immovables include premises, and property rights, houses and land. 6. Trade in items such as financial and other services that are listed in the current account of the balance of payments is called invisible trade. 7. Services account for the vast majority of invisible trade. 8. A multinational (also known as a multinational corporation (MNC) / a transnational corporation (TNC) / a multinational enterprise (MNE)), is a corporation or enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country. 9. A multinational can also be referred to as an international corporation. 10. The first modern MNC is generally thought to be the Dutch East India Company, established in 1602. 11. Very large multinationals have budgets that exceed some national GDPs. 12. Multinationals can have a powerful influence in local economies as well as the world economy and play an important role in international relations and globalization. 13. The most important intangible asset is the company’s brand. 14. Intangible assets are defined as identifiable non-monetary assets that cannot be seen, touched or physically measured. 15. Millions are spent each year by corporations to research and develop new intangible assets. 16. Employees of the company are the invisible asset which will determine future profits. 17. In many developing countries, receipts for invisibles are exceeded by payments for them. 18. The Invisible Balance or Balance of Trade on Services is that part of the balance of trade that refers to services and other products that do not result in the transfer of physical objects. 19. For countries that rely on service exports or on tourism, the invisible balance is particularly important. 20. Invisible balance is the difference between the imports and exports of services as opposed to those of goods.
Task 4. a) Study the etymology of the words “EXPORT” and “IMPORT”.
Etymology: |
EXPORT |
|
Latin portāre – to carry → exportāre – to carry away |
||
Derived words: exportable; exportability; exporter; |
||
|
IMPORT |
|
Latin portāre – to carry → importāre (IM- + portāre) – to carry in |
||
Derived words: importable; importability; importer. |
||
b) Make difference between the following compound adjectives.
Import-Export |
Export-Import |
an import-export company, business, etc. is one that buys goods from foreign suppliers to sell to local companies, as well as supplying local goods to foreign buyers; |
Export-Import Bank (also Eximbank) is a bank in some countries that is created by the government to provide loans, etc. so that foreign companies and governments can buy goods and services that are exported by local businesses. |
Task 5. a) Singular or plural?
IMPORT vs. IMPORTS |
|
1. a product or service that is brought into one country from another; |
the amount or value of goods and services that are brought from one country into another over a period of time – імпортні товари, статті імпорту; обсяг (вартість) імпорту. |
2. the act of buying a product or service from another country and bringing it into a country; |
|
EXPORT vs. EXPORTS |
|
1. a product or service that is sold and sent or supplied to another country; |
the amount or value of goods and services that are sold and sent or supplied to other countries over a period of time – предмети вивозу, статті експорту; обсяг експорту. |
2. the selling and sending of goods or services to another country; |
|
b) Translate the words in italics into English.
1. Імпортно-експортна статистика свідчить, що експорт у вересні зріс на 18%. 2. В Об’єднаному Королівстві видимий імпорт традиційно перевищує видимий експорт. 3. Туризм у Британії є єдиною значущою статтею невидимого експорту. 4. Експорт до Малайзії може бути підтриманий Експортно-імпортним банком країни. 5. Підприємство виготовляє продукцію на експорт. 6. Сільськогосподарська продукція є найбільшою статтею експорту країни. 7. Китай намагається виробляти більше вітчизняних продуктів харчування, щоб зменшити свою залежність від імпорту. 8. Третина експорту індустріальних держав надходить до країн, що розвиваються. 9. Ринок перенасичений дешевим імпортом з Китаю. 10. Система контролю над імпортом повинна бути вдосконалена.
Task 6. a) The words below often occur with “IMPORTs / EXPORTs”.
heavy
duty
articles
IMPORTs / EXPORTs
unrequited
restrictions
capital
merchandise
volume
|
b) Which of the above word-combinations means:
1. імпорт (завезення) капіталу (надходження капітальних засобів у дану країну з інших країн, наприклад, у вигляді фінансових та реальних інвестицій іноземних осіб, отримання іноземних кредитів і т.п.); 2. вивізне мито; мито на експорт; експортне мито; 3. несплачений експорт; значний експорт; 4. статті (предмети) імпорту; 5. обмеження експорту; 6.
значний імпорт; 7. експорт товарів; 8. обсяг експорту; 9. обсяг імпорту; 10. імпорт товарів; 11. значний експорт; 12. статті (предмети) експорту; 13. імпорт, несплачений грішми чи товарами; 14. обмеження на імпорт; імпортні обмеження; 15. імпортне мито; ввізне мито; мито на імпорт; ввізний збір; імпортний збір; 16. експорт (вивіз) капіталу (переведення капіталу з однієї країни в інші країни, наприклад, шляхом надання кредитів іноземним особам, інвестування в зарубіжні реальні активи і т.п.)?
Task 7. a) Pronounce the words in the table.
NOUN |
VERB |
PARTICIPLE |
Verb
+
E |
NOUN |
|
export |
to export |
exporting |
/ exported |
exporter |
|
[`ekspO:t] |
[ık`spO:t] |
[ık`spO:tıŋ] |
[ık`spO:tıd] |
[ık`spO:tə] |
|
import |
to import |
importing |
/ imported |
importer |
|
[`ımpO:t] |
[ım`pO:t] |
[ım`pO:tıŋ] |
[ım`pO:tıd] |
[ım`pO:tə] |
|
transport |
to transport |
transporting |
/ transported |
transporter |
|
[`træntspO:t] |
[trænts`pO:t] |
[trænts`pO:tıŋ] |
[trænts`pO:tıd] |
[trænts`pO:tə] |
|

R