- •Isbn 966-629-071-5
- •Contents
- •Business and entrepreneurship
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •A business vs. Business
- •What is Business?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •When pleasure interferes with business, give up business. (from American)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Verbs frequently used with Business Conduct; do; transact; drum up; build up; establish; launch; set up in; manage; operate; run.
- •Which word?
- •Forms of Business Organization
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“Mom and pop business” [`mOm ænd pOp `bıznəs] – амер. Дрібне приватне підприємництво; родинний бізнес, приватна крамничка;
- •Colloquial expression [kə`ləukwiəl ık`spre∫ən] – розмовний зворот (вираз);
- •Which word?
- •Which word?
- •Design, invent or engineer?
- •Which word?
- •Creative / artistic / innovative / original / imaginative / ingenious / inventive
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary building intrapreneur
- •Unit 3. Doing business internationally Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Adjective or noun?
- •B) Read aloud the following sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
- •Task 9. Think and answer.
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text.
- •International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 14. A) Translate the words in column a and their derivatives in columns b and c. Use your dictionary if necessary.
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Affect / effect [ə`fekt] [ı`fekt]
- •Unit 4. Communication in business Lesson 1
- •Modern Means of Business Communication
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •The Internet
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •How are computer words formed?
- •Lesson 2
- •Cross-cultural Barriers to Business Communication
- •1) Stereotypes
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •2) Time
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •3) Space
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •4) Body language
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •5) Etiquette
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •6) Translation problems
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Module test 1.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Econom-
- •Which word?
- •Economics vs. Economy
- •The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.
- •Economics
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.”
- •“Too many people spend money they haven’t earned, to buy things they don’t want, to impress people they don’t like.” (Will Smith)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Economic vs. Economical
- •Which word?
- •Economic goods vs. Economy goods
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Increase, growth or rise?
- •Economy
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Trade / business / industry
- •Which word?
- •Supplier or distributor?
- •Task 12. A) Define the meaning of the word “трейдер” in Ukrainian. Let the following headlines from Ukrainian mass media be your clues.
- •What is Trade?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Trade or Commerce?
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Verb or noun?
- •Vocabulary building bimonthly / biweekly biyearly etc.
- •Forms of Trade
- •Vocabulaty Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Trade vs. Trades
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Modern Patterns of International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Module test 2.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Product, market and marketing
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Noun or verb?
- •A service that people can buy, especially a way of investing or saving money
- •Which word?
- •Brand / label / make
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •What is Product?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Product Breadth vs. Product Depth
- •Three Levels of a Product
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Understanding Information on Products
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •-Ability
- •Market-
- •Which word?
- •Marketplace vs. Marketspace
- •Which word?
- •Market niche vs. Niche market
- •Adjectives frequently used with market
- •Narrow / short / thin / heavy / tight / weak / broad / close / distant
- •Which word?
- •Demand or market?
- •Market and Market Relations
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Desire vs. Need / desire vs. Wish / need vs. Urge
- •Which word?
- •Distribution / delivery / dispatch / logistics
- •What is Marketing?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in Marketing
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Торговець, продавець
- •Extended Marketing Mix
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Customer / client / clientele / consumer / account
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Advertising vs. Advertisement
- •Advertising
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Copyright vs. Copywriter
- •Advertising Today
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 27. Translate into English.
- •Marketing vs. Advertising: What’s the Difference?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Money and banking
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Money vs. Moneys / monies
- •Which word?
- •What is Money?
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Describing what happens to currencies
- •Money vs. Currency
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Vocabulary building When a company fails
- •Bank Staff
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •What is a Bank?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Credit vs. Loan
- •Which word?
- •Share vs. Stock
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part I)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Task 13. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Task 15. Find in the text “What is Finance?” (Part I) (Task 11) the words opposite in meaning to the following:
- •Which word?
- •Income / earnings / revenue
- •What three basic things do companies do when they lack money to cover operating costs?
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Fund vs finance
- •Task 3. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 4. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part II)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Task 15. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box.
- •Lesson 3
- •Accounting Connected with the period of twelve months over which a government or a company prepares a full set of financial records, or part of this period
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal vs. Financial
- •Year in Year out
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal Crises vs. Financial Crises
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Account / bill / invoice / check / tab
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 18. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Lesson 2
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 4. Give number of the paragraph(s) in which they discuss …
- •Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Company. Human resources. Management
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Company vs. Campaign
- •Which word?
- •Corporation vs. Company
- •Talking about Companies
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 17. In the text “Talking about Companies” (Task 12) find the words which can be tranlsted as:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Starting a business
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary building Subsidiaries and groups of companies
- •Some of the World’s Oldest Companies
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Organizational Structure
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Vocabulary building colleagues and rivals
- •Vocabulary building Staff
- •Human Resources
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Ensure vs. Insure
- •Vocabulary building Employing people
- •Vocabulary building Getting rid of employees
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •-Ability
- •Vocabulary building Words for Bosses
- •Management and Managers
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 2
- •Levels and Patterns of Management
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Authoritarian / authoritative / autocratic / bossy
- •Leadership Styles
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Eeffective vs. Efficient
- •Module test 6.
- •Variant 1. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •An organization that a company forms for its employees to represent them when dealing with the managers;
- •Variant 3. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •Afterword:
- •Glossary of terms
- •References:
- •Іт ресурси:
Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
salient [`seıliənt] – помітний, характерний, що впадає в око;
challenging [`t∫ælınGıŋ] – такий, що стимулює; спонукаючий; той, що вимагає напруження всіх сил;
to imply [ım`plaı] – мати на думці / на увазі; передбачати; натякати; містити в собі; значити, мати значення;
influencing [`ıntfluəntsıŋ] – виявлення впливу;
to provide purpose [prə`vaıd `pə:pəs] – надавати ціль; забезпечувати мету;
to provide direction [prə`vaıd daıə`rek∫ən] – забезпечувати керівництво; давати спрямування;
to accomplish [ə`kAmplı∫] / [ə`kα:mplı∫] – завершувати; виконувати; досягати; доводити до кінця; робити досконалим; вдосконалювати;
mission [`mı∫ən] – (бойова) задача; завдання; доручення; місія;
to get sb. to do sth. – примушувати / переконувати когось щось робити;
willingly [`wılıŋli] – охоче, з готовністю;
to follow [`fOləu] / [`fα:lou] – іти слідом; наслідувати;
to employ [ım`plOı] (leadership styles) – вживати, застосовувати, використовувати;
authoritarian [O:ֽθOrı`teəriən] / [O:ֽθO:rə`teriən] – авторитарний; владний;
autocratic [ֽO:tə`krætık] – автократичний, самодержавний, єдиновлад-ний; повний, необмежений (про владу тощо); владний, деспотичний;
participative [pα:`tısıpeıtıv] / [pα:r`tısəpətıv] – такий, що передбачає участь; той, що ґрунтується на залучені (когось) до участі (у якійсь діяльності);
democratic [ֽdemə`krætık] – демократичний;
delegative [`delıgeıtıv] – делегуючий; такий, що ґрунтується на делегуванні (повноважень);
free rein [ֽfri: `reın] – свобода дій та вибору;
appropriate [ə`prəupriət] / [ə`proupriət] – підхожий, відповідний; доречний, придатний (для чогось); властивий, притаманний;
a vehicle (for yelling) [`vi:ıkəl] / [`vi:əkəl] – засіб вираження і поширення (думок); провідник (звуку, світла тощо); інструмент, засіб;
yelling [`jelıŋ] – репетування; волання; крики;
demeaning language [di`minıŋ `læŋgwıG] – принизлива мова; лайка;
threat [θret] – загроза, погроза;
abusing (power) [ə`bju:zıŋ] – зловживання (владою);
rather [`rα:ðə] / [`ræðər] – радше; скоріше; правильніше;
abusive [ə`bju:sıv] – образливий, лайливий;
bossing (people) around – погано поводитися з людьми, даючи непотрібні накази; заправляти людьми;
to have no place – не мати місця;
repertoire [`repətwα:] / [`repərtwα:r] – репертуар; професійні знання; навички; досвід;
rare occasions [reə ə`keıჳənz] – рідкісні випадки; рідкісні події; рідкісні приводи;
to gain [geın] – діставати, одержувати, домагатися; здобувати;
commitment [kə`mıtmənt] – вірність, відданість; здійснення (дії); обов’язок, зобов’язання;
decision-making process [dı`sıჳənֽmeıkıŋ `prəuses] – процес прийняття рішень;
to maintain [(ֽ)meın`teın] (the final decision making authority) – відстоювати; підтримувати; залишати за собою;
the final decision making authority – право прийняття кінцевого рішення;
knowledgeable [`nOlıGəbəl] – добре обізнаний; інформований;
skilful [`skılfəl] – майстерний, умілий;
to be of mutual benefit [`mju:t∫uəl `benıfıt] – бути взаємовигідним;
to set priorities [set praı`Orətiz] – встановлювати пріоритети;
to blame [bleım] – гудити; винити, вважати винним, звинувачувати;
to confidence [`kOnfıdənts] / [`kα:nfıdənts] – довіряти;
laissez-faire [ֽleıseı`feə] / [ֽleıseı`feər] – невтручання; потурання; принцип необмеженої свободи підприємництва; невтручання держави в економіку;
non-interference [ֽnOnֽıntə`fıərənts] / [ֽnα:nֽıntər`fırənts] – невтручання;
obsolete [`Obsəli:t] / [ֽα:bsə`li:t] – що вийшов з ужитку; застарілий;
adverse (effects) [`ædvə:s] / [æd`və:s] – протилежний; несприятливий;
follower [`fOləuə] / [`fα:louər] – послідовник; наступник; слуга;
flexible [`fleksəbəl] – нучкий; поступливий, податливий;
with regard to [rı`gα:d] / [rı`gα:rd] – стосовно;
trapped [træpt] – захоплений; втягнутий; який потрапив у пастку;
overwhelmed [ֽəuvə`welmd] / [ֽouvər`hwelmd] – сповнений; охоплений; приголомшений; вражений;
novelty [`nOvəlti] / [`nα:vəlti] – новизна; новинка; новина; нововведення;
downsizing [`daunsaızıŋ] – розукрупнення; зменшення розмірів компаній; скорочення апарату; скорочення штатів.
Task 5. Correct the following false statements.
Any organization must have only one leader.
Only profit-seeking organizations need leaders at every level.
A leader is anyone who holds a managerial position.
All successful managers must necessarily act as leaders.
Leadership has got an exact definition.
Most definitions of leadership are based on the concept of formal authority.
Leadership can be defined as one’s ability to get others to follow even unwillingly.
Good leaders must stick with one leadership style.
Bad leaders tend to employ different styles.
Some of the appropriate conditions to use a democratic leadership style are when you have all the information to solve the problem, you are short on time, and your employees are well motivated.
Autocratic leadership style is a vehicle for yelling, using demeaning language, and leading by threats and abusing their power.
Autocratic leadership style is rather unprofesional and has no place in a leader’s repertoire.
Bossing people around is a sign of strength that your employees will respect.
Participative style should normally only be used on rare occasions.
If you have the time and want to gain more commitment and motivation from your employees, then you should the autocratic style.
When a leader employs a participative style it is the staff who maintain the final decision making authority.
Using the democratic leadership style is a sign of weakness.
A leader is expected to know everything – otherwise his knowledgeable and skilful employees will deceive him.
In delegative (free reign) style, the leader allows the employees to make the decisions who are eventually responsible for the decisions that are made.
The democratic style is a leadership style which is appropriate for each and every situation.
When overwhelmed by the novelty of a new situation leaders should stick to one leadership style which proved to be most effective in the past..
Some organizations have adopted group leadership in hopes of preventing of misuse of power on the part of one person.
Task 6. “Odd man out.” In each line cross out a word (word combination) that in its meaning differs from the others. Explain your choice.
title – influence – leader;
title – leader – formal authority;
leader – appointment – manager;
leader – manger – formal authority;
trust – authoritarian leadership style – confidence;
lack of competence – effective leadership – bad luck;
sign of weakness – delegation of authority – sign of strength;
good leaders – combining various leadership styles – bad leaders;
lack of time – well motivated employees – participative leadership style;
using demeaning language – autocrative leadership style – abusing power.
Task 7. The words below are frequently confused. Study each pair of words. Pronounce them and translate into your native tongue. Explain the difference between the words in each pair.
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Task 8. a) Make the difference between the following terms.
