
- •Isbn 966-629-071-5
- •Contents
- •Business and entrepreneurship
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •A business vs. Business
- •What is Business?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •When pleasure interferes with business, give up business. (from American)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Verbs frequently used with Business Conduct; do; transact; drum up; build up; establish; launch; set up in; manage; operate; run.
- •Which word?
- •Forms of Business Organization
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“Mom and pop business” [`mOm ænd pOp `bıznəs] – амер. Дрібне приватне підприємництво; родинний бізнес, приватна крамничка;
- •Colloquial expression [kə`ləukwiəl ık`spre∫ən] – розмовний зворот (вираз);
- •Which word?
- •Which word?
- •Design, invent or engineer?
- •Which word?
- •Creative / artistic / innovative / original / imaginative / ingenious / inventive
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary building intrapreneur
- •Unit 3. Doing business internationally Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Adjective or noun?
- •B) Read aloud the following sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
- •Task 9. Think and answer.
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text.
- •International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 14. A) Translate the words in column a and their derivatives in columns b and c. Use your dictionary if necessary.
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Affect / effect [ə`fekt] [ı`fekt]
- •Unit 4. Communication in business Lesson 1
- •Modern Means of Business Communication
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •The Internet
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •How are computer words formed?
- •Lesson 2
- •Cross-cultural Barriers to Business Communication
- •1) Stereotypes
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •2) Time
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •3) Space
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •4) Body language
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •5) Etiquette
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •6) Translation problems
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Module test 1.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Econom-
- •Which word?
- •Economics vs. Economy
- •The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.
- •Economics
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.”
- •“Too many people spend money they haven’t earned, to buy things they don’t want, to impress people they don’t like.” (Will Smith)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Economic vs. Economical
- •Which word?
- •Economic goods vs. Economy goods
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Increase, growth or rise?
- •Economy
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Trade / business / industry
- •Which word?
- •Supplier or distributor?
- •Task 12. A) Define the meaning of the word “трейдер” in Ukrainian. Let the following headlines from Ukrainian mass media be your clues.
- •What is Trade?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Trade or Commerce?
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Verb or noun?
- •Vocabulary building bimonthly / biweekly biyearly etc.
- •Forms of Trade
- •Vocabulaty Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Trade vs. Trades
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Modern Patterns of International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Module test 2.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Product, market and marketing
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Noun or verb?
- •A service that people can buy, especially a way of investing or saving money
- •Which word?
- •Brand / label / make
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •What is Product?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Product Breadth vs. Product Depth
- •Three Levels of a Product
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Understanding Information on Products
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •-Ability
- •Market-
- •Which word?
- •Marketplace vs. Marketspace
- •Which word?
- •Market niche vs. Niche market
- •Adjectives frequently used with market
- •Narrow / short / thin / heavy / tight / weak / broad / close / distant
- •Which word?
- •Demand or market?
- •Market and Market Relations
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Desire vs. Need / desire vs. Wish / need vs. Urge
- •Which word?
- •Distribution / delivery / dispatch / logistics
- •What is Marketing?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in Marketing
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Торговець, продавець
- •Extended Marketing Mix
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Customer / client / clientele / consumer / account
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Advertising vs. Advertisement
- •Advertising
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Copyright vs. Copywriter
- •Advertising Today
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 27. Translate into English.
- •Marketing vs. Advertising: What’s the Difference?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Money and banking
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Money vs. Moneys / monies
- •Which word?
- •What is Money?
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Describing what happens to currencies
- •Money vs. Currency
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Vocabulary building When a company fails
- •Bank Staff
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •What is a Bank?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Credit vs. Loan
- •Which word?
- •Share vs. Stock
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part I)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Task 13. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Task 15. Find in the text “What is Finance?” (Part I) (Task 11) the words opposite in meaning to the following:
- •Which word?
- •Income / earnings / revenue
- •What three basic things do companies do when they lack money to cover operating costs?
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Fund vs finance
- •Task 3. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 4. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part II)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Task 15. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box.
- •Lesson 3
- •Accounting Connected with the period of twelve months over which a government or a company prepares a full set of financial records, or part of this period
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal vs. Financial
- •Year in Year out
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal Crises vs. Financial Crises
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Account / bill / invoice / check / tab
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 18. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Lesson 2
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 4. Give number of the paragraph(s) in which they discuss …
- •Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Company. Human resources. Management
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Company vs. Campaign
- •Which word?
- •Corporation vs. Company
- •Talking about Companies
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 17. In the text “Talking about Companies” (Task 12) find the words which can be tranlsted as:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Starting a business
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary building Subsidiaries and groups of companies
- •Some of the World’s Oldest Companies
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Organizational Structure
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Vocabulary building colleagues and rivals
- •Vocabulary building Staff
- •Human Resources
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Ensure vs. Insure
- •Vocabulary building Employing people
- •Vocabulary building Getting rid of employees
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •-Ability
- •Vocabulary building Words for Bosses
- •Management and Managers
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 2
- •Levels and Patterns of Management
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Authoritarian / authoritative / autocratic / bossy
- •Leadership Styles
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Eeffective vs. Efficient
- •Module test 6.
- •Variant 1. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •An organization that a company forms for its employees to represent them when dealing with the managers;
- •Variant 3. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •Afterword:
- •Glossary of terms
- •References:
- •Іт ресурси:
Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
inside |
reporting |
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decisions |
GAAP |
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business |
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provide |
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potential |
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management |
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accounts |
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government |
Today, accounting is called “the language of (1)_____” because it is the vehicle for (2)_____ financial information about a business entity to many different groups of people.
Accounting that concentrates on reporting to people (3)_____ the business entity is called management accounting and is used to (4)_____ information to employees, managers, owner-managers and auditors. Management accounting is concerned primarily with providing a basis for making management or operating (5)_____.
Accounting that provides information to people outside the business entity is called financial accounting and provides information to present and (6)_____ shareholders, creditors such as banks or vendors, financial analysts, economists, and (7)_____ entities. Because these users have different needs, the presentation of financial (8)_____ is very structured and subject to many more rules than (9)_____ accounting. The body of rules that governs financial accounting is called Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, or (10)_____.
Task 10. a) Use the prepositions and adverbs from the box in the following phrases. Refer to the text “Accounting Overview” (Part II) (Task 3) to check your answers.
at |
from |
to ×2 |
on ×2 |
for ×7 |
into ×2 |
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|
between |
in ×7 |
of ×3 |
by ×2 |
before |
with ×2 |
… other words;
to check … errors;
to remain … balance;
to be divided … two groups;
a debit / credit … an account;
liabilities are deducted … assets;
to be classified … two categories;
regardless … the type of business;
… all their work … financial data;
depending … the assumptions you make;
to be summarized … financial statements;
to be guided … two fundamental concepts;
to be charged … profitability and liquidity;
to keep the accounting equation … balance;
to remain central … the accounting process;
… the heart of modern financial accounting;
to provide accounting services … businesses;
to prepare financial statements … individuals;
to prepare reports … the fairness of statements;
to require a two-part entry … every transaction;
a test comparable in difficulty … the CPA exam;
to be independent … the organizations you serve;
rigorous requirements … education and experience;
to communicate reports … external decision-makers;
to be the basis … the all-important accounting equation;
the relationship … assets, liabilities, and owner’s equity;
to be placed … owner’s equity … the accounting equation;
accountants employed … businesses and governement agencies;
distinction … financial accounting and management accounting;
to be responsible … generating and interpreting financial reports;
b) Translate into English taking into account the use / absence of prepositions.
передавати (повідомляти) фінансову інформацію зовнішнім користувачам;
готувати звіти щодо неупередженості фінансових документів;
бути незалежним від організацій, яким надаються послуги;
кожна угода впливає на активи, пасиви та власний капітал;
відмінність між фінансовим та управлінським обліком;
керуватися в роботі основоположними поняттями;
надавати бухгалтерські послуги підприємствам;
залишатися ключовим для облікового процесу;
дотримуватися облікових принципів і правил;
суворі вимоги щодо освіти та досвіду роботи;
відповідати за рентабельність і ліквідність;
класифікувати на (дві, три і т.д.) категорії;
забезпечувати користувачів інформацією;
залишатися в рівновазі (балансі);
незалежно від типу організації;
перевірка щодо помилок;
вираховувати з активів;
належати акціонерам;
іншими словами.
Task 11. Translate into English.
1. Завданням фінансового обліку є підготовка та надання звітів про фінансовий стан компанії зовнішнім користувачам (акціонерам, кредиторам, клієнтам і т.д.). 2. Управлінський облік надає інформацію про фінансову, інвестиційну та операційну діяльність компанії внутрішнім суб’єктам прийняття рішень. 3. Різниця між фінансовим та управлінським обліком відображена в професійному спрямуванні самих обліковців, які можуть бути штатними бухгалтерами та незалежними бухгалтерами. 4. Громадські бухгалтери надають бухгалтерські послуги організаціям, від яких вони є незалежними. 5. Незалежних бухгалтерів наймають фізичні особи та невеликі організації з метою підготовки фінансових звітів. 6. Більші компанії наймають громадських бухгалтерів, щоб висловити думку про неупередженість фінансових звітів. 6. Громадські бухгалтери, які виконали суворі вимоги щодо освіти та досвіду роботи і склали екзамен, можуть стати дипломованими бухгалтерами-аудиторами. 7. Торговельні підприємства, урядові агенції, некомерційні корпорації беруть на роботу штатних бухгалтерів для того, щоб вони контролювали облікову систему та персонал бухгалтерського відділу. 8. Дипломований бухгалтер у галузі управлінського обліку – це відносно нова категорія обліковців. 9. У своїй роботі бухгалтери керуються двома осново-положними поняттями: балансовим рівнянням та системою подвійного запису. 10. Бухгалтерське рівняння та подвійна бухгалтерія займають ключове місце в обліковому процесі, хоча обидва були розроблені сотні років тому назад. 11. Відомо, що матеріальні цінності (багатства) складаються не лише з активів. 12. Власний (акціонерний) капітал компанії – це різниця між активами та пасивами. 13. У балансовому рівнянні пасиви компанії розташовуються попереду власного (акціонерного) капіталу, тому що кредитори мають право першочергового позову. 14. Після оплати пасивів, все, що залишилося, належить власникам компанії. 15. Одна сторона балансового рівняння завжди повинна дорівнювати іншій. 16. Для того, щоб бухгалтерське рівняння залишалося збалансованим, компанії використовують систему подвійного запису. 17. Подвійна бухгалтерія передбачає записування будь-якої угоди, що має вплив на активи, пасиви чи власний (акціонерний) капітал. 18. Система подвійного запису, яка датується 1494 роком, займає центральне місце в сучасному фінансовому обліку. 19. Сума дебету завжди повинна дорівнювати сумі кредиту, забезпечуючи простий спосіб для перевірки на наявність помилок. 20. Бухгалтерський облік не є точною наукою. 21. Для того, аби досягнути стандартизованої системи, обліковий процес повинен слідувати бухгалтерським принципам і правилам.
Task 12. Translate into Ukrainian. Which of the sentences contain logical mistakes?
1. Financial accounting provides internal decision-makers with important financial information. 2. Accountants may be divided into three groups: public accountants, private accountants and corporate accountants. 3. Public accountants are employees of the company whose books they examine. 4. One cannot earn the title of CPA without profound knowledge and work experience. 5. The accounting equation and double-entry bookkeeping are in the heart of accounting. 6. Double-entry bookkeeping was developed in the 20th century. 7. Owner’s equity is what remains after liabilities have been deducted from assets. 8. The accounting equation should always be kept in balance. 9. Accounting is an exact science. 10. Standardized procedures of handling and presenting financial information are used in all types of organizations.
Task 13. Answer the questions.
Into what classes can accounting be classified?
What does financial accounting generate?
What information does management accounting provide? Who uses this information?
How does professional orientation of accountants reflect the distinction between financial accounting and management accounting?
What are the functions of public accountants?
How can a public accountant earn the CPA title?
Who employs corporate accountants?
What are private accountants responsible for?
How can a person become a certified management accountant?
What two fundamental concepts have been central to the accounting process for centuries?
What is owner’s equity?
Does one side of the accounting equation always equals the other side?
What system is used to keep the accounting equation in balance? When was this system developed? What is its importance for modern financial accounting?
Is accounting an exact science? Give your reasons.
Do accounting procedures, principles and rules depend on the type of business? Why?
Task 14. Say what you know about …
The two categories of accounting and major distinction between them.
Public accountants: the tasks they perform and the requirements which they should meet.
Private accountants: the tasks they perform and the requirements which they should meet.
CPAs vs. CMAs.
The all-important accounting equation.
The double-entry system of accounting: its origin and essence.
Common procedures of handling and presenting financial information.
Task 15. Comment on the following sayings.
“Political elections are a good deal like marriages, there’s no accounting for anyone’s taste.” (Will Rogers)
“If you want an accounting of your worth, count your friends.” (Merry Browne)
“I don’t really care about money. I find money boring and accounting boring, so I’m probably not going to ever make a lot of money.” (Juliana Hatfield)
“You have to know accounting. It’s the language of practical business life. It was a very useful thing to deliver to civilization. I’ve heard it came to civilization through Venice which of course was once the great commercial power in the Mediterranean. However, double entry bookkeeping was a hell of an invention.” (Charlie Munger)
“An efficient organization is one in which the accounting department knows the exact cost of every useless administrative procedure which they themselves have initiated.” (J.D. Babbitt)
“The system of book-keeping by double entry is, perhaps, the most beautiful one in the wide domain of literature or science. Were it less common, it would be the admiration of the learned world.” (Edwin T. Freedley)
“It sounds extraordinary but it’s a fact that balance sheets can make fascinating reading.” (Mary Archer )
Task 16. Write a composition on one of the following topics.
“Some public men devote themselves entirely to finance.” Who are they?
It takes money to make money.
Taking stock of your (family) finances is / isn’t one crucial thing on the way to getting rich.
A person should not / can go to sleep at night until the debits equal the credits.
Why is it important to learn and understand “the language of business”?