- •Isbn 966-629-071-5
- •Contents
- •Business and entrepreneurship
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •A business vs. Business
- •What is Business?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •When pleasure interferes with business, give up business. (from American)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Verbs frequently used with Business Conduct; do; transact; drum up; build up; establish; launch; set up in; manage; operate; run.
- •Which word?
- •Forms of Business Organization
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“Mom and pop business” [`mOm ænd pOp `bıznəs] – амер. Дрібне приватне підприємництво; родинний бізнес, приватна крамничка;
- •Colloquial expression [kə`ləukwiəl ık`spre∫ən] – розмовний зворот (вираз);
- •Which word?
- •Which word?
- •Design, invent or engineer?
- •Which word?
- •Creative / artistic / innovative / original / imaginative / ingenious / inventive
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary building intrapreneur
- •Unit 3. Doing business internationally Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Adjective or noun?
- •B) Read aloud the following sentences paying attention to the words in italics.
- •Task 9. Think and answer.
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text.
- •International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 14. A) Translate the words in column a and their derivatives in columns b and c. Use your dictionary if necessary.
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in International Business
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Affect / effect [ə`fekt] [ı`fekt]
- •Unit 4. Communication in business Lesson 1
- •Modern Means of Business Communication
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •The Internet
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •How are computer words formed?
- •Lesson 2
- •Cross-cultural Barriers to Business Communication
- •1) Stereotypes
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •2) Time
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •3) Space
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •4) Body language
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •5) Etiquette
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •6) Translation problems
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Words easily confused
- •Module test 1.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Econom-
- •Which word?
- •Economics vs. Economy
- •The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.
- •Economics
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •“The economy depends about as much on economists as the weather does on weather forecasters.”
- •“Too many people spend money they haven’t earned, to buy things they don’t want, to impress people they don’t like.” (Will Smith)
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Economic vs. Economical
- •Which word?
- •Economic goods vs. Economy goods
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Increase, growth or rise?
- •Economy
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Trade / business / industry
- •Which word?
- •Supplier or distributor?
- •Task 12. A) Define the meaning of the word “трейдер” in Ukrainian. Let the following headlines from Ukrainian mass media be your clues.
- •What is Trade?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Trade or Commerce?
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Verb or noun?
- •Vocabulary building bimonthly / biweekly biyearly etc.
- •Forms of Trade
- •Vocabulaty Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Trade vs. Trades
- •International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Modern Patterns of International Trade
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Module test 2.
- •Variant 1.
- •Variant 2.
- •Variant 3.
- •Product, market and marketing
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Noun or verb?
- •A service that people can buy, especially a way of investing or saving money
- •Which word?
- •Brand / label / make
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •What is Product?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Product Breadth vs. Product Depth
- •Three Levels of a Product
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Understanding Information on Products
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •-Ability
- •Market-
- •Which word?
- •Marketplace vs. Marketspace
- •Which word?
- •Market niche vs. Niche market
- •Adjectives frequently used with market
- •Narrow / short / thin / heavy / tight / weak / broad / close / distant
- •Which word?
- •Demand or market?
- •Market and Market Relations
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Desire vs. Need / desire vs. Wish / need vs. Urge
- •Which word?
- •Distribution / delivery / dispatch / logistics
- •What is Marketing?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Careers in Marketing
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Торговець, продавець
- •Extended Marketing Mix
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Customer / client / clientele / consumer / account
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Advertising vs. Advertisement
- •Advertising
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Copyright vs. Copywriter
- •Advertising Today
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 27. Translate into English.
- •Marketing vs. Advertising: What’s the Difference?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Money and banking
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Money vs. Moneys / monies
- •Which word?
- •What is Money?
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Describing what happens to currencies
- •Money vs. Currency
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Vocabulary building When a company fails
- •Bank Staff
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •What is a Bank?
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Credit vs. Loan
- •Which word?
- •Share vs. Stock
- •Task 10. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 11. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part I)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Task 13. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
- •Task 15. Find in the text “What is Finance?” (Part I) (Task 11) the words opposite in meaning to the following:
- •Which word?
- •Income / earnings / revenue
- •What three basic things do companies do when they lack money to cover operating costs?
- •Lesson 2
- •Which word?
- •Fund vs finance
- •Task 3. Practice reading the following words.
- •Task 4. Read the text. What is Finance? (Part II)
- •Vocabulary notes:
- •Which word?
- •Task 15. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box.
- •Lesson 3
- •Accounting Connected with the period of twelve months over which a government or a company prepares a full set of financial records, or part of this period
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal vs. Financial
- •Year in Year out
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Fiscal Crises vs. Financial Crises
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Account / bill / invoice / check / tab
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 18. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Lesson 2
- •Accounting Overview
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 4. Give number of the paragraph(s) in which they discuss …
- •Task 9. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box. Translate the passage.
- •Company. Human resources. Management
- •Lesson 1
- •Which word?
- •Company vs. Campaign
- •Which word?
- •Corporation vs. Company
- •Talking about Companies
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Task 17. In the text “Talking about Companies” (Task 12) find the words which can be tranlsted as:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary building Starting a business
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary building Subsidiaries and groups of companies
- •Some of the World’s Oldest Companies
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Organizational Structure
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 4
- •Vocabulary building colleagues and rivals
- •Vocabulary building Staff
- •Human Resources
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Ensure vs. Insure
- •Vocabulary building Employing people
- •Vocabulary building Getting rid of employees
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 1
- •-Ability
- •Vocabulary building Words for Bosses
- •Management and Managers
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Lesson 2
- •Levels and Patterns of Management
- •Vocabulary Notes:
- •Lesson 3
- •Which word?
- •Authoritarian / authoritative / autocratic / bossy
- •Leadership Styles
- •Vocabulary and Cultural Notes:
- •Which word?
- •Eeffective vs. Efficient
- •Module test 6.
- •Variant 1. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •An organization that a company forms for its employees to represent them when dealing with the managers;
- •Variant 3. Task 1. Which word is being transcribed? Give the spelling of the words.
- •Task 4. What term is being defined?
- •Afterword:
- •Glossary of terms
- •References:
- •Іт ресурси:
Vocabulary Notes:
piggy bank [`pıgi `bæŋk] – скарбничка-свинка (дитяча скарбничка у вигляді свинки);
penny jar [`peni `Gα:] – банка для зберігання грошей;
to keep track (of) – прослідковувати;
trace [treıs] – слід; відбиток; ознака;
indispensable [ֽındı`spentsəbəl] – необхідний, дуже потрібний; обов’язковий, такий, що не припускає ніяких винятків;
to derive (from) [dı`raıv] – походити (від); виводити (з);
the Renaissance [rı`neısənts] / [ֽrenə`sα:nts] – епоха Відродження, Ренесанс;
Florentine [`flOrəntaın] / [`flO:rənti:n] – флорентійський; флорентієць;
competitive [kəm`petətıv] – конкуруючий, суперницький; конкуренто-спроможний; конкурсний;
insurance agency [ın`∫uərənts `eıGəntsi] – страхова агенція;
credit union – кредитна спілка, кредитний кооператив;
savings and loan association [`seıvıŋz ənd `ləun əֽsəusi`eı∫ən] – позиково-ощадна асоціація;
check cashing – отримання готівки по чеку;
credit card company – компанія, що працює з кредитними картками;
demand deposit [dı`mα:nd dı`pOzıt] – безстроковий вклад; депозит, видача якого здійснюється за першою вимогою;
commercial loan [kə`mə:∫əl `ləun] – комерційна позика; підтоварна позичка;
mutual savings bank [`mju:t∫uəl `seıvıŋz bæŋk] – взаємно-ощадний банк;
thrift institution (thrift) [ֽθrıft ֽıntstı`tju:∫ən] – ощадний заклад, ощадна установа;
inventory [`ınvəntəri] / [`ınvəntO:ri] – матеріальні цінності; товарно-матеріальні запаси; запаси, матеріально-виробничі запаси; наявні товари;
interest [`ıntrəst] – відсоток, процент;
to pool (transactions) [pu:l] – об’єднувати в загальний фонд; об’єднувати в пул;
retail banking [`ri:teıəl `bæŋkıŋ] – банківські послуги дрібним клієнтам;
business banking – банківське обслуговування комерційних клієнтів;
corporate banking [`kO:pərət `bæŋkıŋ] – корпоративні банківські послуги;
business entity [`bıznəs `entəti] – фірма, компанія, комерційна організація; господарська (економічна) одиниця;
private banking [`praıvət `bæŋkıŋ] – приват-банкінг, банківське обслуговування заможних фізичних осіб (надання VIP-клієнтам ексклюзивного набору інвестиційних і пов’язаних з ними послуг);
wealth management [welθ] – керування багатствами (майном) (комплекс високоякісних консультаційних послуг, які охоплюють усі аспекти фінансового життя клієнта: фінансові вкладення, планування, бухгалтерський облік та оподаткування, юридичні питання та ін.);
high net worth individuals / families – особи / сім’ї із значним власним капіталом (фінансовими засобами);
investment banking – інвестиційно-банківська діяльність; послуги інвестиційного банку; послуги банку з інвестування; інвестиційна банківська справа; розміщення нових випусків цінних паперів (банком, що виступає в ролі посередника);
financial market [faı`nænt∫əl] – фінансовий ринок;
quasi-regulatory responsibility [`kweızaıֽregju`leıtəri] / [`kweızaı`regjələtO:ri] – напіврегуляторні функції;
to supervise [`su:pəvaız] – наглядати, здійснювати нагляд (за); завідувати;
cash interest rate – касова відсоткова ставка;
the lender of last resort [rı`zO:t] – кредитор останньої інстанції;
differential [ֽdıfə`rent∫əl] – диференціал; різниця в оплаті;
spread [spred] – спред; маржа; надбавка до базисної ставки відсотка; відсоткова надбавка;
loan interest rate – відсоток / процент позики; відсоткова / процентна ставка позики;
income [`ınkAm] – прибуток; дохід; надходження; заробіток;
investment funds [ın`vestmənt `fAndz] – інвестиційні фонди; фонди капітального будівництва;
to accept deposits [ək`sept dı`pOzıts] – приймати депозити;
to hold deposits – тримати вклади;
to collect funds – збирати, отримувати гроші;
to transfer funds [trænts`fə: `fAndz] – переказувати гроші;
impact (on) [`ımpækt] – вплив, дія; імпульс;
susceptible (to) [sə`septəbəl] – вразливий, сприйнятливий;
to trigger – ініціювати; дати початок;
occasional [ə`keıჳənəl] – випадковий, рідкісний; такий, що трапляється час від часу;
systemic crisis [sı`sti:mık `kraısıs] – системний ризик; структурний ризик; ринковий ризик; ризик несприятливих коливань цін;
liquidity risk [lı`kwıdəti `rısk] – ризик браку ліквідності; ризик ліквідності; ризик, пов’язаний з браком ліквідності;
withdrawal [wıθ`drO:əl] – відкликання; виведення; взяття назад; вилучення, видалення
credit risk – кредитний ризик; ризик неповернення кредиту; позичальник (у банку); клієнт (у кредитній установі);
to owe [əu] – бути винним, заборгувати;
interest rate risk – ризик зміни відсоткової ставки; відсотковий ризик;
the Great Depression – Велика депресія;
to alter [`O:ltə] – змінювати(ся), переробляти.
Task 3. Agree or disagree with the following statements.
Piggy banks or penny jars act as the lender of last resort in event of a crisis.
Banks have influenced economies and politics since the time of the Great Depression.
Traces of banking activity can be found even in ancient times.
Unlike businesses and individuals, governments do not have accounts in banks.
The term “bank” derives from the word “ban” meaning a curse (прокляття, анафема); when a banker was broke angry people banned (cursed) him.
The first modern bank was founded in Italy in the early 15th century.
Modern banks face severe competition.
Insurance agencies, credit unions, savings and loan associations, check cashing services, credit card companies are tough competitors.
There is no one single definition of bank.
The term “bank” technically refers only to a commercial bank.
For centuries, the banking industry only dealt with individual consumers, not businesses.
Banks’ activities can be divided into several categories.
Most banks are non-profit government enterprises.
Central banks are normally profit-making private enterprises.
A bank generates a profit from the spread between the cost of funds and the loan interest rate.
Lending activities provide an insignificant part of a commercial bank’s income.
Banks are affected by the changing economic environment.
Banks and thrifts are susceptible to many forms of risk.
Banking crises have developed four times so far.
The financial crisis of 2008 altered the world’s financial landscape.
Task 4. In the text “What is a Bank?” (Task 2) find the words similar in meaning.
1. Essential, necessary; 2. exceedingly; 3. to relate to; 4. to grant; 5. company; firm; 6. financial management; 7. liable to; open to; impressionable; 8. to give rise (to); set off; 9. removal; 10. responsible for.
Task 5. Find synonyms among the following words.
1. To accept; 2. to affect; 3. to alter; 4. to be in debt to; 5. to change; 6. commercial; 7. comparatively; 8. to compel; 9. consumer; 10. controlling; 11. credit; 12. deal; 13. to derive (from); 14. to differ; 15. differential; 16. duty; 17. to establish; 18. establishment; 19. field; 20. to force; 21. to form; 22. to found; 23. funds; 24. goal; 25. to happen; 26. to hold; 27. industry; 28. influence; 29. institution; 30. to keep; 31. loan; 32. to make up; 33. money; 34. to occur; 35. to originate; 36. to owe; 37. profit-making; 38. purchaser; 39. purpose; 40. to receive; 41. relatively; 42. responsibility; 43. severe; 44. spread; 45. supervising; 46. tough; 47. transaction; 48. to vary.
Task 6. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate terms from the box.
went bankrupt |
effect |
altered |
lending |
bankruptcy |
investment bank |
assets |
distrust |
bankers |
comes down |
Even in the business world, what goes up sometimes (1)_____, and if the company is big, the sound of the fall is louder and clearer. Lehman Brothers, one of the oldest and largest banks in New York, (2)_____ on September 15, 2008 with no one to rescue it. A press release on that day by Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (LBHI), the 158-year-old U.S. investment bank, (3)_____ the American financial landscape. This is the largest (4)_____ in the history of the United States with $638 billion in (5)_____ listed and the largest failure of an (6)_____. The collapse of Lehman had a multiplier (7)_____ worldwide, severely weakening other big banks and sharply increasing the level of fear and (8)_____ inside the system that caused (9)_____ to sharply reduce their (10)_____.
Another bank crisis happened in early 2013, when the oldest Swiss bank Wegelin admitted having facilitated US citizens in tax dodging. Bank governors confessed in New York Court the fact that during 10 years Wegelin had let about 100 US citizens conceal $1.2 billion from tax authorities.
The bank agreed to pay the fine of $58 million to the US authorities
Wegelin Bank was founded in the town of St. Gallen 35 years prior to the US independence – in 1741.
, прекратит свою деятельность в качестве финансового учреждения, передает в пятницу агентство Рейтер. Руководство банка признало в суде Нью-Йорка, что на протяжении десяти лет позволило почти 100 гражданам США укрыть от налоговых органов 1,2 миллиарда долларов. Банк согласился выплатить американским властям 58 миллионов долларов штрафа. Когда эта процедура будет закончена, Wegelin "перестанет действовать как банк". Банк Wegelin из швейцарского города Санкт-Галлен был образован в 1741 году – за 35 лет до того, как США объявили о своей независимости.
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Task 7. The words below are frequently confused. Study each pair of words. Pronounce them and translate into your native tongue. Explain the difference between the words in each pair.
|
|
Task 8. Study the following pairs of words. Mind the differences as well as similarities in pronunciation of the nouns and verbs.
NOUN |
|
VERB |
resort [rı`zO:t] deposit [dı`pOzıt] income [`ınkAm] transfer [`træntsfə:] impact [`ımpækt] |
– – – – – |
to resort [rı`zO:t]; to deposit [dı`pOzıt]; to income [`ınkAm]; to transfer [trænts`fə:]; to impact [ım`pækt]; |
Task 9. Some words can be used both as a noun and as a verb. Complete the table with the appropriate words from the text “What is a Bank?” (Task 2).
№ |
ІМЕННИК |
ДІЄСЛОВО |
ПЕРЕКЛАД |
1. |
користь, вигода; прибуток, дохід; нажива |
давати користь, бути корисним; користуватися; мати користь; скористатися; отримувати прибуток; |
----------- |
2. |
рівень; ступінь; плоска, горизонтальна поверхня; рівнина; |
зрівнювати, згладжувати; визначати різницю висот; нівелювати; вирівнювати; цілитися; |
----------- |
3. |
верхів’я, витік; першопричина, початок; джерело, криниця; |
отримувати; встановити походження; |
----------- |
4. |
пропозиція; пропозиція ціни; спроба; |
пропонувати; траплятися; висувати; пропонувати до уваги; |
----------- |
5. |
дія; акт, діяння; документ; закон; постанова (парламенту, суду); |
діяти; чинити, поводити себе; робити запис, заносити (в акт тощо). |
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Task 10. Recollect the contexts in which the following words are used in the text “What is a Bank?” (Task 2).
Jar;
resort;
interest;
players;
landscape;
environment.
Task 11. “Odd man out.” In each line cross out a word (word combination) that in its meaning differs from the others. Explain your choice.
chair – bench – bank;
to own – to repay – to owe;
spread – profit – investment funds;
piggy bank – bank account – penny jar;
credit union – thrift – commercial bank;
the lender of last resort – central bank – thrift;
mid-market business – retail banking – individuals;
large business entities – mid-market business – corporate banking;
liquidity risk –withdrawals beyond available funds – bad debt losses;
savings and loan association – commercial bank – mutual savings bank.
Task 12. Use the prepositions from the box in the following phrases. Refer to the text “What is a Bank?” (Task 2) to check your answers.
into |
in ×4 |
on ×3 |
beyond |
|
with |
at ×2 |
for ×2 |
from ×2 |
throughout |
to ×6 |
of ×3 |
during |
between |
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Task 13. a) Make the difference between the following terms.
