V вариант

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания

ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION

1. In 1967 surgery arrived at a climax that made the whole world aware of its medico-surgical responsibilities when the South African surgeon Christian Barnard transplanted the first human heart. Reaction contained more than an element of hysteria. Yet, in 1964, James Hardy, of the University of Mississippi, had transplanted a chimpanzee's heart into a man. Research had been leading up to such an operation ever since Charles Guthrie and Alexis Carrel, at the University of Chicago, perfected the in 1905 and then carried out experiments in me transplantation of many organs, including the heart.

2. New developments in immunosuppression have advanced the field of transplantation enormously. Kidney transplantation is now a procedure that is supplemented by dialysis with an artificial kidney before and after the operation; mortality has been reduced to about 10 per cent per year. Rejection of the transplanted heart by the patient's immune system was overcome to some degree in the 1980s with the introduction of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine; records show that many patients have lived for five or more years after the transplant operation.

3. The complexity of the liver and the unavailability of supplemental therapies such as the artificial kidney have contributed to the slow progress in liver transplantation. An increasing number of patients, especially children, have undergone successful transplantation; however a substantial number may require re-transplantation due to the failure of the first graft.

4. Lung transplants are difficult procedures, and much progress is yet to be made in preventing rejection. A combined heart-lung transplant is still in the experimental stage, but it is being met with increasing success; two-thirds of those receiving transplants are surviving, although complications such as infection are still common. Transplantation of all or part of the pancreas is not completely successful, and further refinements of the procedures are needed.

(Encyclopedia Britannica)

Задание №27 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение

Many people live for several years after heart transplantation.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

A истинным В ложным С нет информации

Задание №28 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение

The first heart transplantation took place in America.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

A истинным В ложным С нет информации

Задание №29 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение

Dialysis supplements liver transplantation.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

A истинным В ложным С нет информации

Задание №30 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение

Autotransplantation is almost completely successful.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

A истинным В ложным С нет информации

Задание № 31 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация:

There are still difficulties in heart, lung and pancreas transplantation.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

A 1 B 2

C 3 D 4

Задание №32(выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация:

It was in the XX^th century that heart organ transplantation became known to the world.

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

A 1 B 2

C 3 D 4

Задание №33 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Ответьте на вопрос:

Who carried out the first experiment in heart transplantation?

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

А It was James Hardy of the University of Mississippi.

B The South African surgeon Christian Barnard did.

C Christian Guthrie first performed it.

D They were Charles Guthrie and Alexis Carrel of the University of Chicago.

Задание №34 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите основную идею текста

ВАРИАНТЫ ОТВЕТОВ:

A Mortality after organ transplantation has been significantly reduced.

B The first human heart transplantation was a breakthrough in surgery.

C Though enormous advances are made in the field of organ transplantation, there is still much to be improved.

D The latest developments in organ surgery are very impressive.