12. Read and memorize the words.

1. application – применение, использование

2. commonplace n, adj – банальность, банальный

3. to be engaged in – заниматься ч-л., быть вовлеченным во ч-л.

4. widespread – широко распространенный

5. to improve – улучшать

6. to assign – возлагать, поручать

7. to increase – увеличивать(ся), расти, возрастать

8. to processing – обработка

9. power station – электростанция

10. to depend on/ upon – зависеть от

11. inquiry – наведение справок

12. to be applied for – применяться для (в)

13. exploration – исследование, изучение

14. to benefit from – извлекать пользу из

15. tool – инструмент, орудие

16. image – изображение

17. screen – экран

18. computer-aided instruction (CAI) – обучение с помощью компьютера

19. conventional – обычный, традиционный

20. pattern – образец

13. Match the synonyms.

application conventional pattern tool image exploration to increase to store instruction

model studying, examination, research device to enlarge use usual, common, traditional to keep teaching, training picture

14. Translate the words in brackets into English. Translate the sentences.

1. Computers have become (банальность) in homes, offices, stores, schools, research institutes, plants.

2. The use of computers in business, industry and communication services is (широко распространенный) today.

3. Computers can control the work of (электростанции), plants and docks.

4. They (применяются) for automatic piloting and automatic navigation.

5. Computers find (применение) in astronomy and upper atmosphere research.

6. They became valuable medical diagnostic (инструменты).

7. Computers are used for optical scanning and (изображение) processing.

8. Students spend more time with computer-aided (обучение) performing the assigned task, as compared with (обычный) classroom.

15. Make up word combinations and translate them into Russian.

medical research manufactured power automatic computer industrial space

station technologies society tools institute exploration navigation products

16. Read and translate the text. Application of Computers

At present a great deal of the work force of most countries is engaged in creating, processing, storing, communicating and just working with information. Computers have become commonplace in homes, offices, stores, schools, research institutes, plants.

The use of computers in business, industry and communication services is widespread today. Computer-controlled robots are able to improve the quality of manufactured products and to increase the productivity of industry. Computers can control the work of power stations, plants and docks. They help in making different decisions and in management of economy.

The work of banks depends upon computer terminals for millions of daily operations. Without these terminals, records¹ of deposits and withdrawals² would be difficult to maintain, and it would be impossible to make inquiries about the current status of customer accounts.

Computers form a part of many military systems including communication and fire control. They are applied for automatic piloting and automatic navigation. Space exploration depends on computers for guidance³, on-board environment⁴ and research.

Computers find application in astronomy and upper atmosphere research. Weather forecasting, library information services can benefit from computers too.

It is interesting to note that computers are widely used in medicine. They became valuable medical diagnostic tools. Computers are used for optical scanning and image processing, ranging from pattern recognition⁵ to image processing. Technicians can operate computer tomography scanners which combine x-rays with computer technology to give sectional views of the body of patients. The views then can be combined into a single image shown on the screen.

Learning on a computer can be fun. Students spend more time with computer-aided instruction performing the assigned task, as compared with conventional classroom.

At last air traffic control is impossible without computer application. It fully depends upon computer-generated information.

Many other uses of computers that we cannot imagine at present will become commonplace in the transition from an industrial to post industrial, or information society.

Notes

¹to maintain records – вести учет

²deposits and withdrawal – вклады и изъятие (выемка)

³guidance – наведение (на цель); управление; руководство

⁴on-board environment – бортовое окружение

⁵pattern recognition – распознавание образца