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6. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the forms and functions of the Participle:

a) as an attribute

1. The students testing the device study at our department. 2. The man switching off the computer works at our laboratory. 3. I thought about the question discussed at the seminar. 4. The journal taken from the library by my friend is very helpful. 5The experiment done by the students helped them to understand this problem better. 6. This operating computer was made in the USA.

b) as an adverbial modifier.

1. Translating the article I did not consult the dictionary. 2. Preparing a computer program we translate ordinary business data into machine languages. 3. While studying computer systems it is necessary to distinguish between computers and calculators. 4. While solving this problem I paid much attention to the correct computation.

c) as a predicative

1. Cybernetics is applied in various branches of industry and research. 2. The computer is testing its basic units now. 3. The students were discussing the advantages of high level languages when the teacher came. 4. The lecture was followed by a discussion.

7. Define the part of speech and the function of the words with -ed ending in the following sentences.

1. He described the method used by this engineer. 2. The engineer used the method described in this journal. 3. The programming languages discussed attracted attention of many users. 4. New methods used in programming were discussed at the seminar.

8. Mind the use of the Participle in the pairs of the following sentences. Translate them into Russian.

Examples:

1. Great plants equipped with modern machinery produce computers. – Огромные заводы, оборудованные современной техникой, производят компьютеры.

2. Great plants producing computers are equipped with modern machinery. – Огромные заводы, производящие компьютеры, оборудованы современной техникой.

1. Machines called computers make complicated calculations. Machines making complicated calculations are called computers. 2. The book written by our scientists describes new inventions. The book describing new inventions was written by our scientists. 3. Our laboratory equipped with modern devices works on new projects. Our laboratory working on new projects is equipped with modern devices. 4. Microcomputers invented in the 1970s help much in research work. Microcomputers helping much in research work were invented in the 1970s.

9. Find the participles in the text “Computers today” and translate the sentences.

10. Read the text attentively and find the answers to the following questions.

  1. What are computers?

  2. What operations do computers perform?

  3. A computer doesn’t think, does it?

  4. Is a computer a simple electronic machine? Why / why not?

Computers today

Computers are electronic machines. They communicate with the user, perform different kinds of arithmetic operations, such as addition, subtraction, division and multiplication, solve a series of logical problems and make thousands of logical decisions. Modern computers operate quickly and accurately. However, they don’t think.

Every computer system consists of software, hardware, procedures and data/information. Information in the form of programs and data is called software, but the pieces of equipment that make up the computer system are known as hardware. Without software instructions, the hardware doesn’t know what to do. The basic job of the computer is the processing of information. Computer is used to convert data into information. It is also used to store information in the digital form.

The most important item of hardware is the CPU (Central Processing Unit). This is the electronic unit at the centre of the computer system. The brain of the computer is the processor. It does all the processing and controls all the devices in the computer system. The main memory stores all the programs and data used by the processor.

All the other devices in the computer system are known as peripherals. These include input devices, output devices and storage devices. An input device supplies information into the computer. The most commonly used input device is a keyboard. An output device such as a monitor or a printer displays the processed data. A storage device is used for the permanent storage of information on floppy discs or CD-ROM discs.