Theoretical questions

9)Globalisation, its concept, reasons of emergence, positive and negative sides.

10)Conflict and cooperation in politics.

11)Concept of political regime.

12)Give the definition of the political system

13)Basic elements of political regime.

14)Origin of totalitarianism.

15)Authoritarian regimes.

16)Open the meaning of civil society.

17)Concept of Government and Governence.

18)How do you understand the policy?

19)Concept of Power.

20)Concept of Sovereignty.

21)Concept of Equality.

22)Concepts of Freedom and Liberty.

23)Concept of Human rights.

24)Concept of Individualism.

25)Concept of Justice.

26)Concept of Leadership.

27)The term obligation.

28)The term Property.

29)Concept of Responsibility.

30)Concept of toleration.

31 Concept of parliament.

32 Explane what is the presidential system of government?

33 The term revolution.

34The term coalition.

35 The term opposition.

36The term decentralisation of power.

37Concept of civil society.

38Concept of constitution.

39Concept of election.

40Concept of political culture.

41Concept of president.

42Concept of race and ethnicity

43Concept of referendum.

44Separation of powers theory.

45Concept of democracy.

46Concept of regionalism.

9. Globalisation, its concept, reasons of emergence, positive and negative sides.

Globalization (or globalisation—see spelling differences) is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.^[2][3] Put in simple terms, globalization refers to processes that promote world-wide exchanges of national and cultural resources. Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of theInternet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities.^[4]

Though several scholars place the origins of globalization in modern times, others trace its history long before the European age of discovery and voyages to the New World. Some even trace the origins to the third millennium BCE.^[5][6] Since the beginning of the 20th century, the pace of globalization has intensified at a rapid rate, especially during the Post Cold War era.^[7]

The term globalization has been in increasing use since the mid-1980s and especially since the mid-1990s.^[8] In 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of globalization: trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people and the dissemination of knowledge.^[9] Further, environmental challenges such as climate change, cross-boundary water and air pollution, and over-fishing of the ocean are linked with globalization.^[10] Globalizing processes affect and are affected by business and work organization, economics, socio-cultural resources, and the natural environment.

In general, globalization may ultimately reduce the importance of nation states. Sub-state and supra-state institutions such as the European Union, the WTO, the G8 or the International Criminal Court, replace national functions with international agreement.^[149] Some observers attribute the relative decline in US power to globalization, particularly due to the country's high trade deficit. This led to a global power shift towards Asian states, particularly China, which unleashed market forces and achieved tremendous growth rates. As of 2011, China was on track to overtake the United States by 2025.^[150]

Increasingly, non-governmental organizations influence public policy across national boundaries, including humanitarian aid and developmental efforts.^[151]

As a response to globalization, some countries have embraced isolationist policies. For example, the North Korean government makes it very difficult for foreigners to enter the country and strictly monitors their activities when they do. Aid workers are subject to considerable scrutiny and excluded from places and regions the government does not wish them to enter. Citizens cannot freely leave the country.

Globalization and Its Characteristics

Globalization is the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture.McDonalds in Japan, French films being played in Minneapolis, and the United Nations, are all representations of globalization.

The idea of globalization may be simplified by identifying several key characteristics:

Improved Technology in Transportation and Telecommunications

What makes the rest of this list possible is the ever-increasing capacity for and efficiency of how people and things move and communicate. In years past, people across the globe did not have the ability to communicate and could not interact without difficulty. Nowadays, a phone, instant message, fax, or video conference call can easily be used to connect people. Additionally, anyone with the funds can book a plane flight and show up half way across the world in a matter of hours. In short, the "friction of distance" is lessened, and the world begins to metaphorically shrink.

Movement of People and Capital

A general increase in awareness, opportunity, and transportation technology has allowed for people to move about the world in search of a new home, a new job, or to flee a place of danger. Most migration takes place within or between developing countries, possibly because lower standards of living and lower wages push individuals to places with a greater chance for economic success.

Additionally, capital (money) is being moved globally with the ease of electronic transference and a rise in perceived investment opportunities. Developing countries are a popular place for investors to place their capital because of the enormous room for growth.

Diffusion of Knowledge

The word 'diffusion' simply means to spread out, and that is exactly what any new found knowledge does. When a new invention or way of doing something pops up, it does not stay secret for long. A good example of this is the appearance of automotive farming machines in Southeast Asia, an area long home to manual agricultural labor.

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Multinational Corporations

As global awareness of certain issues has risen, so too has the number of organizations that aim to deal with them. So called non-governmental organizations bring together people unaffiliated with the government and can be nationally or globally focused. Many international NGOs deal with issues that do not pay attention to borders (such as global climate change, energy use, or child labor regulations). Examples of NGOs include Amnesty International or Doctors without Borders.

As countries are connected to the rest of the world (through increased communication and transportation) they immediately form what a business would call a market. What this means is that a particular population represents more people to buy a particular product or service. As more and more markets are opening up, business people from around the globe are coming together to form multinational corporations in order to access these new markets. Another reason that businesses are going global is that some jobs can be done by foreign workers for a much cheaper cost than domestic workers; this is called outsourcing.

At its core globalization is an easing of borders, making them less important as countries become dependent on each other to thrive. Some scholars claim that governments are becoming less influential in the face of an increasingly economic world. Others contest this, insisting that governments are becoming more important because of the need for regulation and order in such a complex world system.