Вариант 3

1. Rewrite the text and translate it into the written form:

Foreign Trade

1) Foreign, or international, trade enables the United States to specialize in producing those goods it is best suited to make from its available resources. The United States is the world's leading trading nation, with an annual trade volume of more than $1 trillion in the early 1990s. Total merchandise exports in 1993 amounted to $465 billion, and imports to $581 billion. Beginning in the mid-1970s, the nation's imports of expensive foreign petroleum and of manufactured goods from Canada and Asia (especially Japan) created a trade imbalance. From 1984 through 1990 the annual merchandise trade deficit regularly exceeded $100 billion.

2) Nonagricultural products usually account for approximately 90 percent of the yearly value of exports and agricultural products for about 10 percent. Machinery and transportation equipment make up the leading categories of exports, amounting together to over 40 percent of the value of all exports. Other leading exports include manufactured goods, such as textiles and iron and steel; processed foods; inedible crude materials, such as cotton, soybeans, and metal ores; chemicals; and mineral fuels and lubricants.

3) Canada and Japan are the country's most important trade partners; they provide the markets for about 32 percent of total annual U.S. exports and are the source of about 38 percent of the nation's imports. Chief trading partners for exports are Mexico, Germany, Great Britain, Taiwan, South Korea, France, the Netherlands, and Singapore; chief trading partners for imports are Mexico, China, Germany, Taiwan, Great Britain, South Korea, France, Italy, Singapore, and Malaysia. Leading sources of U.S. petroleum imports are Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Canada, Mexico, and Nigeria.

2. Insert the suitable tense:

1) Ann is a teacher. She … for fifteen years.

a) has been teaching b) taught c) was teaching

2) She … lunch before the children came home.

a) cooked b) has cooked c) had cooked

3) She … some letters when the boss asked her into his office.

a) typed b) had typed c) was typing

4) He … for an hour when he reached the village.

a) had been driving b) was driving c) has been driving

5) How long … a driving license?

a) did you had b) have you had c) had you had

3. Find non-finite forms, underline and determine them. Translate the sentences.

1. I don’t think this product is worth advertising.

2. When reducing the cost of the product, they managed to decrease the price of it.

3. One of the best ways to know the problem is to examine it from different points of view.

4. Complete the sentences using must (not), to have to, do not have to or to be to:

1. If you … to fill out the application form in the office, notice how much space you have for each answer.

2. In business letter writing the correspondent … make his meaning clear.

3. The company bought me a handy and I … wait in telephone boxes.

4. We … discuss all the details at our next week meeting.

5. Railway notice: Passengers … walk on the line.

6. … you … do all this work yourself?

5. Translate the sentences minding the Subjunctive Mood:

1) I wish I had thought of it before. It’s a good idea.

2) It seemed as though he wished to speak, but feared to give offence.

3) And you behave as if we were two people who were acquainted.

6. Translate the sentences minding the Passive Voice:

1. The decision was taken to sell three corporate jets.

2. 33 percent of small businesses are now started by women.

3. Further 17 non-core businesses had been sold during the year, and the disposal programme was now complete.

4. Employees’ bonuses, which are tied to the company’s profits, are shared out as they choose.

7. Insert the necessary prepositions: by, in, upon, with, by, of.

1. Business firm are organizations that are engaged … production.

2. To finance their operations, business firm deal … banks, insurance companies.

3. The proprietor is responsible … all personal debts and losses.

4. The owner should obtain a license required … the law.

5. Partnerships are based … agreement.

6. Corporation is an entity formed and owned … a group … people.