Вариант 28

3. Rewrite the 1^st and the 2^nd paragraphs and translate them into the written form:

THE CHANGING AMERICAN FAMILY

1) The American family unit is in the process of change. There used to be mainly two types of families: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family most often included mother, father, chil­dren, and some other relatives, such as grandparents, living in the same house or nearby. Then as job patterns changed and the economy progressed from agricultural to industrial, people were forced to move to different parts of the country for job opportu­nities. These moves split up the extended family. The nuclear family became more prevalent; this consisted of only the parents and the children.

2) In the American family the husband and wife usually share important decision making. When the children are old enough, they participate as well. Foreign observers are frequently amazed by the permissiveness of American parents. The old rule that "children should be seen and not heard" is rarely followed, and children are often allowed to do what they wish without strict parental control. The father seldom expects his children to obey him without question, and children are encouraged to be inde­pendent at an early age. Some people believe that American par­ents carry this freedom too far. Young people are expected to break away from their parental families by the time they have reached their late teens or early twenties.

3) Now, besides these two types of traditional groupings, the word "family" is being extended to include a variety of other liv­ing arrangements. Today's family can be made up of diverse com­binations. With the divorce rate nearly one in two, there is an increase in single-parent homes: a father or mother living with one or more children. Blended families occur when previously married men and women marry again and combine the children from former marriages into a new family. On the other hand, some couples are deciding not to have any children at all, so there is an increase in two-person childless families. There are also more people who live alone: single, widowed, divorced. Now, one in five Americans lives alone.

4. Choose the correct word to complete the following sentences.

9. The typical American family of the past used to include grandparents or other relatives who were living with the pa­rents and children; this was called the (extended/nuclear/blended) family.

10. With the industrialization of American society, the (extended/nuclear/blended) family became more common.

11. Foreigners are often amazed by the (strictness/permissiveness/rudeness) of American parents.

12. At present, nearly one out of every (two/three/four) marriages in the US ends in divorce.

13. A family composed of parents with children from previous marriages is called a (extended/nuclear/blended) family.

14. Nowadays, there is an (increase/decrease) in the number of childless marriages.

3. Fill in with engaged, busy, occupied or vacant, free, spare:

1) As he was … yesterday he couldn’t join our company.

2) I tried to get him on the phone but the line was … . As I was … I decided to ring him up later.

3) Is the place next to you … ? – No, it is … .

4) When I entered the hall all the seats were … and I could hardly find a … seat.

5) Will you be … tomorrow? Let’s go to the country. – No, I’ll be … at my office.

6) Let’s find a … classroom and rehearse our dialogue there. – I’m afraid at this hour all the rooms are sure to be … .

7) Have you any … time today?

8) At this late hour all taxis will be … .

9) I am young, healthy, and … to do as I please.

4. State the function of the Infinitive in the following sentences and translate them into Russian:

4. It was a real pleasure to him to give pleasure to others.

5. He tried to suppress his irritation.

6. To achieve success you must work hard.

5. Translate the sentences into English using the Gerund:

1. Эту проблему стоит обсудить.

2. Я припоминаю, что видела эту же фотографию Британского музея в другом журнале.

3. Хотя мы были в Лондоне всего три дня, я получила большое удовольствие от осмотра достопримечательностей этого огромного города.

6. Point out the First Participle and state its functions in the sentence:

4. She sat very still, and the train rattled on in the dying twilight.

5. I sat quite silent, watching his face, a strong and noble face.

15. Supply the Subjunctive Mood of the verbs in brackets:

1. I don’t know how to address him. I wish I (to know) his name.

2. I feel as if my head (to be) a thousand miles away.

3. My wife says she wishes I (to be) a thousand miles away.

16. Insert prepositions or adverbs where necessary:

5. What can you recommend … the first course?

6. The meat is done … a turn.

7. He arrived … the Lomond Hotel, very hot and sweaty and exhausted and had an obscure feeling that they would take one look … him and then ask him to go … .

8. Custard is made … eggs and milk.