Вариант 13

1. Rewrite the 1^st, the 2^nd and the 3^d paragraphs and translate them into the written form:

Russian Medical Care

1) Americans have always judged other countries on the basis of American life. The press in the United States of America is no exception, and recently they have been analysing the dire situation that Russian hospitals find them­selves in at this present time. However, the press in the United States does tend to overexaggerate these problems, and they tend to shed a very dreary light upon the present state of Russian medicine.

2) To say that Russian medicine does not have any problems would be to falsify information. In actuality, Russian medicine does have many problems. For example, Russian hospitals are in the very difficult position of having absolutely no money. This much-needed capital is needed to pay doctors' sal­aries, to buy medicines, needles, etc. Without this money, Russian hospitals have to scramble to find ways of merely surviving in this quickly changing world.

3) How are many Russian hospitals able to survive? Many doctors are not paid for several months at a time. They continue to work merely because they cannot abandon the profession that they have chosen. Many of them argue that they chose to become doctors in order to help people, and they cannot leave it now just because of the mere fact that they are not getting paid.

4) However, medicine seems to be an even bigger problem. After all, how can a patient hope to be cured without the healing effects of medications that hospitals are supposed to supply? Medicines are very expensive, and Russian hospitals just cannot afford to supply them. Here again, a temporary answer has been reached. The patient must supply his or her own medicine. Howev­er, the stay in the hospital continues to be free. Thus patients are able to stay in hospital rooms for as long as they need to, as long as they are able to supply the medication that they need.

5) As for the facilities of Russian hospitals, they are in bad need of repair. Buildings are beginning to fall apart, and there is no money to repair them. This casts an eerie glow upon the Russian hospitals when half of the lights in the hospitals do not work. However, this is a much less serious problem than the previous ones, but nonetheless one that needs to be addressed.

6) The strength of Russian medicine seems to lie in the people who remain devoted to their given professions. The quality of care that doctors can give considering the circumstances that they are faced with is truly astounding. They are able to work and care for patients as well if not better than the doc­tors who have all the amenities that Western countries usually possess in their hospitals. Despite this lack of medicine, Russian doctors have obviously not forgotten their Hippocratic Oath, and continue to work to help people in the best way that they can.

7) In conclusion, it would be unfair to say that Russian medicine is in a horrible state. The fact is that it does need monetary help, but the level of competence of Russian medicine is on the same level as any other sophisti­cated country. If Russia were able to finance all of its hospitals and supply them with adequate medicines as well as pay their doctors salaries on time, Russian medicine would certainly be one of the best examples of modern health-care in the world.

2. Answer the following questions in the written form:

1. According to the text, what are the problems of Russian medicine?

2. Why are Russian hospitals able to survive?

3. What does the strength of Russian medicine lie in?

1. Why would it be unfair to say that Russian medicine is in a horrible situation?

3. Fill in with piece, lump or slice:

1) Pick up the … of the broken cup and throw them out.

2) Give me a … of paper. I’ll show you how to make a boat for the child.

3) I’d like to take one more … of cake. May I?

4) I never put more than two … of sugar into my tea.

5) I need a short … of string to tie the parcel with.

6) I’d like to have a … of lemon with my tea.

4. State the function of the Infinitive in the following sentences and translate them into Russian:

1) This is the information to convince my boss that I was right to refuse that offer.

2) Write down this rule so as not to forget it.

3) To learn this dialogue by heart would be much more useful.

2. Use the appropriate form of the Gerund of the verbs in brackets and insert prepositions where necessary:

1. Now I can boast (to see) Rome and London, Paris and Athens.

2. How did you like the English rule (to drive) on the left side of the road instead of the right?

3. I hate (to be) ill and (to stay) in bed.

3. Translate the sentences into English, using the First Participle:

1. Было слышно, как где-то вдалеке играла музыка.

2. Стараясь скрыть свое смущение, она начала что-то торопливо рассказывать, обращаясь к своему спутнику.

3. Я наблюдала за тем, как внимательно он читал письмо.

4. Translate the sentences into Russian minding the Subjunctive Mood:

1. If I were you I should pay no attention to what she says.

2. You were very kind to that foreigner. I wish that we could see him.

3. If only it were true!

5. Insert prepositions or adverbs where necessary:

1. Marmalade is made … orange peel.

2. The egg is eaten … a small spoon.

3. He sat quite still and stared with those wide immobile eyes of his … the picture.

4. “He has a bath … cold water every morning.” – “Oh! He is made … iron, that man”.