2. Article.

2.1. This Unit is going to be different from all the others that you have worked through. The difference lies in the fact that you are going to write articles and reports, not academic essays. Read the How to write it? section below to understand how to write articles. You have 10 minutes.

How to write it? Articles have similar structures with essays and are written in a similar way. The differences between an article and an essay are not very great. They may be summarized as follows:

1. The article may and often does require combining in one and the same text paragraphs of different types. For instance, one paragraph can be a description paragraph, the next one a definition paragraph followed by a comparison and/or contrast paragraph, and then by a persuasion paragraph. Quite often the articles are based on discussion (persuasion), description, and narration with different combinations of those.

2. The introductory paragraph in an article has as its main purpose attracting readers' attention. That is why it may have no thesis statement but a number of eye-catching general statements. Rhetorical questions are very popular in introductions to articles as a means of attracting readers' attention. Such rhetorical questions may also replace topic sentences in paragraphs.

3. Eye-catching titles are even more important than in essays for the same purpose that is indicated above, i.e., attracting readers' attention.

4. Academic essays are written for a well-known audience, i.e. students and teachers. Articles may be written for different audiences. Before starting to write an article, the potential and most probable readership should be thoroughly analyzed. The style of an article, its design, structure, the examples given, the illustrations, and even jokes have to be carefully adapted to that potential readership. Using humor is especially important to make the article attractive.

5. It should be taken into account that many articles are written for a magazine or a newspaper, i.e., for the general reader. In such cases, it must be designed so as to be interesting to all readers of that magazine or newspaper and not sound offensive to any of them. When the audience is not specified, the style of the article, its design, and structure should be analyzed extra-carefully to suit all kinds of readership.

6. For articles discussing some issues, tentativeness and reporting using paraphrase are very characteristic.

An article is not always longer than an essay; it may be even shorter. It is the features above not the length that make the difference between an article and an academic essay. But it should be taken into account that not all of these features necessarily characterize every article, though one or several of them can usually be found in most.

2.2. Read the article below. A British student, requested to write about the theatre group that was going to make a performance in his or her town, wrote this article. In groups of three discuss those features of the article that distinguish it from an academic essay (from the point of view of everything said in the How to write it? section above). You have 20 minutes for reading and discussion.

A ll in One – Come and Watch

Have you ever been asked to make a decision and choose only one thing out of many that you really like? I am sure you have. And then you always wonder what would have happened if you had chosen the alternative. Maybe you just missed something really special... You do not particularly like that feeling, do you? There is a group of young people who decided once that it is ridiculous to choose if you can have all in one - do you want to meet them? Actually, you will have a chance soon. The Red Dragon Theatre Group is coming to our town next week. They will bring a lot of good sense of humour, music, dance, and anything you can think of that should appear on stage. Their main concern is to make you think, laugh, maybe cry a bit, but above all to give you a great time. I bet you will love them at first sight. To make the long story short - you cannot miss this event! The group is going to perform in The Globe theatre and they have promised to meet your expectations. The choice is obvious this time... Simply, come and watch.

(Borrowed from the Internet at http://www.ang.pl/fce_article.html

as of February 14, 2006)

3. Share the conclusions drawn in your small group with the whole class (one member of the group should report the features of the article above that have been singled out in your discussion as distinguishing it from any academic essay). In whole-class discussion decide which of these features you would better use if you were going to write a similar article. Would you use any other features discussed in the How to write it? section read at the beginning of this class? You have 15 minutes.

4. L ook at the picture of a concert. In your groups of three decide what kind of concert it is (a classical music concert, a variety concert, or any other). Suppose that the concert is one of the cultural events in your town. You work for a youth magazine, and you have been asked to write an article about the concert so as to attract young people (school and university students, young workers, etc.) and stimulate them to go and listen to it. In your group discussion generate ideas for the article and decide how to write it. You have 15 minutes for discussion.

2.5. Team writing. Now your task is to get ready for actually writing the article of 180—200 words on the topic indicated in task 2.4. Working in your groups of three students, you are expected to list, group or cluster the ideas that you generated doing task 2.4 and finish your team-writing task by preparing outlines of your individual articles. You have time until the end of the class.

2.6.-2.10. These tasks are planned to be done by students individually as home assignments to be completed before the next writing class (the time scheduled for doing the assignments is two hours and thirty minutes).

6. Write the rough draft of your article (180-200 words) on the concert in your city or town to attract young people, who are readers of the youth magazine that you are writing for, to that concert. Follow the outline prepared in class.

7. Revise your article. Check it for the appropriateness of its introductory part, paragraph or paragraphs in the body, conclusion, general consistency, unity, coherence, and cohesion (do not focus on the vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, and spelling as yet). Write the second draft of your article.

8. Vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, and spelling search. Work with the Bank and with dictionaries and grammar reference books. Find all the words that you need to complete your article. Try to find the most expressive words. Check the grammar you used and think whether some other grammatical structures may be more appropriate in some cases. Check your punctuation and spelling.

FUNCTIONS BANK

Bank of clues and ideas for writing about theater, concerts, and other performances

Shall we buy a play-bill to find out who plays the leading roles in the performance?

It stands in my memory quite vividly, — I mean the matinee performance that influenced my further theatrical career.

"House full" that discouraging inscription made me ask for an extra ticket.

When the last curtain fell the house burst into applause. No more hesitations! It is a smash hit! Triumph! It will be a box office winner, surely!

She was on the edge of her chair while watching …

Theatre is an excellent vehicle of culture, a form of instruction and entertainment.

I joined a repertory company as stage and costumes manager, also responsible for props and make-up. During my time with them I wrote a number of scripts, most of which were rejected.

British pop musicians and groups have appeared worldwide and have set new trends.

Britain's leading symphony orchestras include the London Philharmonic, the City of Birmingham Symphony, and the Ulster and the Royal Scottish Orchestra. British conductors.... have reached a wide audience through their recording as well as by their performances.

Barbara Streisand with her One Voice Concerts helps the environment, anti-nuclear activities, and civil liberties organizations.

When you get out of the tube you might come across a busker. A busker plays, sings anywhere he can find an audience - in the Underground, in the street, outside cinemas or at bus stops. Some of the buskers play pop, some play classical music, and some play folks.

N. is a musical genius. He communicates the music to the hearers through a mystery technique and captivates the audience.

6. Edit your article trying to eliminate all mistakes and errors. Revise the article again if you decide that some changes in the layout, structure, and forms of expression are required. Write the final draft of the article getting it ready for peer-reviewing.

2.10. Write one more article for a youth magazine (150—180 words). Remember some play that you saw and that you did not like at all. You were asked by your youth magazine to write a review on that play. Write it criticizing the play in question. Dissuade your readers from going and seeing it because you think it is not worth seeing. Explain to the readers why you think so. You may use the similar article format as when writing the previous article. Pass through all the stages of writing (generating ideas using free writing, listing, grouping or clustering; writing the outline of the article; writing a rough draft; revising; writing the second draft; doing vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, and spelling search; editing; writing the final draft). Get your second article ready for peer-reviewing.

ЗМІСТ

Передмова..............................................................................................................3

Part Ι. Vocabulary work ……………………………………………………...4

Speech patterns ………………………………………………………………4

Vocabulary notes. Essential vocabulary Ι ……………………………………6

Textwork “Rose at the Musichall” …………………………………….…….14

“They Walk in the City” ……………………………………………….……15

Essential vocabulary ΙΙ …………………………………………………..…..16

Additional vocabulary ……………………………………………….……....18

Revision exercises ……………………………………………………….…..22

Part ΙΙ. A visit to the theatre ………………………………………………..25

Actors (genius or labour?) …………………………………………………...31

Dilemma ‘To Be or not to Be’ ………………………………………………34

Part ΙΙΙ. Genres ………………………………………………………………..36

Pantomime …………………………………………………………………...41

Part ΙV. Inside of the theatre ………………………………………………..44

Part V. Overview of the British theatres ………………………………….52

Theatres in London ………………………………………………………….54

Repertory and commercial theatres …………………………………………56

Ukrainian theatre ……………………………………………………………57

Part VΙ. Life is theatre ………………………………………………………58

Part VΙΙ. Writing academically ……………………………………………62

Academic essay ……………………………………………………………..62

Article ……………………………………………………………………….70

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