6. What is the way to report orders, requests, warnings, advice and invitation?

a. We report orders, requests, warnings, advice and invitations using

the structure verb+object+to infinitive or verb+to infinitive.

Could you help me?	I asked (him) to help me.
You should pay the expenses.	He advised( me) to pay the expenses.
Get out of the room!	She told the man to get out of the room.

b. In negative orders, promises etc. we use not to+infinitive.

Don’t define the sources of income.

He told me not to define the sources of income.

7. What changes do if- and time clauses undergo in reported commands and questions?

a. Questions with time and if-clauses should be reported with the time

or if-clause last.

“When/If I see her, what shall I say?” she asked.

She asked what she should say when/if she saw him.

b. Sometimes it is advisable to use say/said that + time/if clause +

be/should + infinitive to avoid a clumsy sentence.

“If / when you see him, ask him to ring me,” she said.

She said that if / when I saw him I was to ask him to ring her.

Exercise 1

Write the correct form of say or tell in the following sentences. Be careful to observe sequence of tenses.

1. The lecturer ______ labour force is defined as the number of individuals aged 16 and over who are either employed or actively looking for work.

2. - Where is Peter? - He ______ the candidates how to write a letter of application for the position of a junior manager in the Sales department .

3. My colleague ______ us that we should apply common sense while assessing the applicants’ skills and abilities.

4. None of the children could ______ the time.

5. Our career trainer ______ that a job seeker’s portfolio should contain a resume, application forms, an application letter and letters of recommendation.

6. What time did you ______ that the lecture had begun?

7. The student could not ____ the difference between the words “curriculum vitae” and “resume”.

8. Who ______ that we are having a seminar in sociology of work tomorrow?

9. The young candidate _____ a lie as he was not sure how to react properly.

10. I saw my boss in the office and ______ that I had wanted to show him a shortlist of candidates before the final interview.

Exercise 2

Translate the sentences into English. (Refer to 1c)

1. Вы мне рассказали о том, как обычно проводится собеседование в этой компании. По моему, это потерянное понапрасну время. Прошу Вас, больше ничего не говорите!

2. Я просто не знал, что она ищет работу. Почему она не попросит своих друзей помочь ей составить резюме?

3. Ничего не рассказывай им о дополнительных льготах. Сделай мне одолжение, ничего не говори.

4. Рекрутинговое агентство прекратило прием резюме на вакансию финансового аналитика. – Кто это сказал? – Я это говорю!

5. Позвольте и мне сказать несколько слов. В условиях экономического кризиса уровень безработицы постоянно растет, так как многие фирмы вынуждены сокращать персонал. Это всем известный факт, я не могу лгать.

Exercise 3

Report these statements with said moving the clauses “one tense back”.

DIRECT SPEECH STATEMENTS	INDIRECT SPEECH STATEMENTS
present becomes past
1. Jack: I need a holiday.	Jack said (that) he needed a holiday.
2. Jill: I’m not wasting my time.

present perfect becomes past perfect

3. Mac: I’ve had some good news.
4. Tom: I’ve been cutting expenses.

past becomes past or past perfect (past perfect is often optional)

5. Pam: I repaid the loan at once.
6. Sue: I was waiting for you.

past perfect does not change

7. Loo: I had reported it earlier.
8. Joe: I had been sleeping.

modal “present” becomes “conditional” or “past”

9. Jan: I will get a compensation later.
10. Dot: I may apply for this position.
11. Tim: I can rent this apartment.

“shall” with a future reference becomes “would”

12. Kim: I shall take the job.

“shall” in offers and suggestions becomes “should”

13. Rob: Shall I do it myself?

Rob asked whether ...

“past” or “conditional” modals do not change

14. John: I could get the loan.
15. Ted: I might hire him.
16. Ann: I would send my CV.

“perfect” modal forms do not change

17. Lee: I must have got this job.
18. Jim: I couldn’t have spent that.
19. Lou: I needn’t have said so.
20. Don: I ought to have fired him.

“should” (=”it’s advisable”) doesn’t change

21. Len: I should go to the interview.

“should” used in place of “would” in conditionals becomes “would”

22. Lee: If I were you I should let it.

“must” (=necessity in the past) does not change, or becomes “had to”

23. Dan: I must verify it.
24. Ned: I must cut down on clothes.

“must” (=necessity in the future) does not change, or becomes“would have to”

25. Paul: I must raise the funds.
26. Bet: I must save my income.

“must” (= deduction or possibility) does not change

27. Jill: Joe must be a lier.

“mustn’t”(=prohibition) does not change, or becomes “couldn’t”

28. Bill: I mustn’t refuse her offer.
29. Phil: You mustn’t cut aid for us.

Exercise 4