B) Make up sentences of your own using these idiomatic expressions. Ask about Tom, Tim, Mart, Ted, Tess, Tina.

E. g. Mart is as true as steel.

◊ Exercise 5. Listen and repeat:

[t] is quieter in these words:

hat coat skirt

shirt cricket bat first

let basement

lift

left

[t] is also quiet in these words:

travel bootlace hats

try bottle coats

lavatory little skirts

twenty gentleman shirts

twelve exactly restaurants

twins cricket bats

department store first floor

want some light bulbs

fat man fruit juice

hot meal

◊Exercise 6. Read the dialogue. Learn it. Act out the dialogue:

In a Department Store

Pretty girl: I want to buy a hat \ coat \ skirt \ shirt.

Assistant Hats\ Coats\ Skirts\ Shirts\ are upstairs on the\ next\ first floor.

Fat man Where can I get a hot meal?

Assistant The restaurant \ cafeteria\ is on the thirteenth floor.

Little girl I want to buy some \ bootlaces \ light bulbs \ bottle of fruit juice.

Assistant They’re on the next counter on your left, dear.

Tall lady I want some tins of\ tomato paste \ steak.

Assistant Try the supermarket in the basement.

Gentleman Could you tell me where the \travel agency \ lavatory \ is?

Assistant It’s right next to the \ cafeteria \ restaurant \ on the thirteenth floor.

Student I want to buy a \ football \ cricket bat \ tennis racquet.

Assistant Take the lift to the sports department. It’s on the \ top \ fourteenth \ floor.

Little boy Could you tell me where the telephone is?

Assistant It’s on the twelfth floor opposite the photographer’s.

Twins Could you tell us the time, please?

Assistant Yes. It’s exactly twenty-two minutes to ten.

Exercise 7. Pronounce this tongue-twister in the shortest possible time:

Never trouble trouble

Till trouble troubles you,

It only doubles trouble

And troubles others too.

Exercise 8. Give the Russian equivalents for the following proverbs. Learn them. Think of situations to use these proverbs:

1. To return to our muttons.

2. Better the foot slip than the tongue trip.

3. A storm in a teacup.

4. Better late than never.

Unite 4. The Sound [d]

The sound [d] occurs in word initial, word medial and word final positions. [d] is spelt «d, dd» as in dog, date, middle, leader, mad, raised. Definition. [d] is occlusive, plosive, forelingual, apical, alveolar, weak, voiced, in final position it is partly devoiced. Articulation. 1. The complete obstruction is made by the tip of the tongue firmly pressed against the middle of the alveolar ridge. 2. The soft palate is raised and the air coming into the mouth is trapped for a short time. Then it breaks the obstruction with a slight explosion. 3. For [d] the vocal cords are drawn together and vibrate when it occurs before vowels or in intervocal positions, eg. done, ladder. 4. The breath effort for [d] is weak. Allophones. The partially devoiced weak [d] occurs in word final positions, eg. nod, sad.

◊ Exercise 1. Listen and repeat:

Sound 1 Sound 2

tore door

tarts darts

cart card

write ride

train drain

trunk drunk

Exercise 2. Compare the phonemes [t] and [d]:

[t] – [d]

tear – dear true – drew set – said

tear – dare train – drain seat – seed

tour – dour trunk – drunk late – laid

toe – dough tread – dread latter – ladder

tower – dower trill – drill putting – pudding

Exercise 3. Read the following words paying special attention to the allophones of the sound [d]:

Word initial Word final Word medial

position position position

dog said ready

duck bad leader

date odd pudding

deed paid rider

dawn road my dog

don’t could I don’t

Loss of Nasal Lateral

plosion plosion plosion

robbed couldn’t cradle

rubbed wouldn’t fiddle

good girl shouldn’t ladle

bad dog hidden middle

add two maiden paddle

cold climate kidney dwindle

[dr] [d] before [θ]and [ð] [dw]

dry read the text dwell

dream paid the bill dwarf

draw laid the table Dwight

could write told the truth could wait

did wrong could think would want

could rain would thaw should wish

Exercise 4. Read the following sentences containing the sound [d]:

1. How do you do.

2. I’d be delighted.

3. Don’t disturb.

4. Dad’s a good driver.

5. The kid’s as good as gold.

6. What good did that do, I wonder.

7. Dell acted on Den’s advice. That is sad indeed.

8. Dave is in decidedly good mood.

Exercise 5. a) Read these idiomatic expressions. Learn their meanings:

1. Mind the head. – Не высовывайся.

2. Draw it mild. – Не преувеличивай.

3. Beyond the shadow of a doubt. – Ни тени сомнения.

4. The dog-days. – Испепеляющая жара.

5. Good riddance. – Скатертью дорога.

b) Make up sentences of your own using these idiomatic expressions. Ask about Dick, Dolly, Dell, Dan, Dave.

E. g. «The dog-days seems to have no end», - said Dave.

◊ Exercise 6. Listen and repeat:

do told did Sidney

date tried David didn’t

Daisy rained Donald cards

Dotty stayed decided bad cold

darling studied damaged children

dancing repaired good bye

◊Exercise 7. Read the dialogue. Learn it. Act out the dialogue:

A Damaged Telephone

Daisy: Dunston 238282.

Donald: Hello, Daisy. This is Donald.

Daisy: Oh, hello, darling.

Donald: What did you do yesterday, Daisy? You forgot our date, didn’t you?

Daisy: Well, it rained all day, Donald, and I have a bad cold, so I decided to stay at home.

Donald: Did you? I telephoned twenty times and nobody answered.

Daisy: Oh, the telephone was damaged. They repaired it today.

Donald: What did David do yesterday? Did he and Dotty go dancing?

Daisy: No. They stayed at home and played cards with the children.

Donald: And what did you do? Did you play cards too?

Daisy: No. Sidney and I listened to the radio and studied. What did you do yesterday, Donald?

Donald: I’ve just told you, daisy. I tried to phone you twenty times!

Exercise 8. Pronounce this tongue-twister in the shortest possible time:

The duke dropped the dirty dinner napkin.

Exercise 9. Give the Russian equivalents for the following proverbs. Learn them. Make up a dialogue to illustrate one of the proverbs:

1. It’s dogged that does it.

2. When children stay still, they have done ill.

Unite 5. The Sound [n]

The sound [n] occurs in all word positions. [n] is spelt «n, nn, kn, gn, pn» as in not, sunny, sun, know, gnaw, sign, pneumonia. Definition. [n] is occlusive nasal, forelingual, apical, alveolar. Articulation. 1. The tip of the tongue is pressed against the alveolar ridge. 2. The soft palate is lowered and the air escapes through the nose. 3. The vocal cords vibrate. Allophones. the sonorant [n] may have variants of different length. It depends on the position of [n] in the word: tin, send, net, sent.

◊ Exercise 1. Listen and repeat:

knee

Nile

nine

tin

cone

name

Exercise 2. Read the following words paying special attention to the allophones of the sound [n]:

Word initial Word final Word medial [d] before

position position position [θ]and [ð]

no in since ninth

now on aunt tenth

near sun pence panther

knee moon science southern

nor send sent in the

new learn learnt northern

[d] is partly [r] before

devoiced before [n]

voiceless consonants

often unreal

snow inroad

written sunrise

cotton run races

sputnik in writing

button in richness

Exercise 3. Read the following sentences containing the sound [n]:

1. No nonsense now!

2. No offence intended.

3. In any event.

4. Any news? No news.

5. Nick is no genius.

6. I know Nanna by name only.

Exercise 4. a) Read these idiomatic expressions. Learn their meanings:

1. Now and then. – Время от времени.

2. Rain or shine. – В любую погоду.

3. On no account. –Ни в коем случае.

4. I’ve been and gone and done it! – Всё получилось.

5. Not to run the man down. –Не говорить об этом человеке с пренебрежением.

6. It’s no concern of mine. – Не моё дело.

b) Make up sentences of your own using these idiomatic expressions. Ask about Nick, Brown, Jones, Robinson, Nanny .

E. g. Nanny, don’t run the man down!

◊ Exercise 5. Listen and repeat:

noise apartment Northend Avenue

morning unfurnished central London

rent inexpensive ninety-nine

agency month 11.15

oven station garden

often accommodation kitchen

seven television Mr Mason

eleven prison certainly

◊Exercise 6. Read the dialogue. Learn it. Act out the dialogue:

At an Accommodation Agency

Mr Mason: Good morning. I want an apartment in central London.

Manager: Certainly, sir. How much rent did you want to pay?

Mr Mason: No more than ₤27 a month.

Manager: ₤27 a month? We don’t often have apartments as inexpensive as that. We have one apartment for ₤ 29 a month in Northend Avenue. It’s down near the station.

Mr Mason: Is it furnished?

Manager: No. It’ unfurnished. The kitchen has no oven. It’s forbidden to use the garden. No friends in the apartment after eleven in the evening. No noise and no television after 11.15. No…

Mr Mason: No thank you! I want an apartment, not a prison!

Exercise 7. Give the Russian equivalents for the following proverbs. Learn them. Think of situations to use these proverbs:

1. What’s done cannot be undone.

2. You’ve found an elephant on the moon.

3. No sooner said than done.

4. In need men know their friends.

5. No news is good news.

Exercise 8. Read the tongue-twister and learn it:

Engine, engine number nine,

Running on Chicago Line,

If it’s polished, it will shine,

Engine, engine number nine.

Unite 6. The Sound [s]

The sound [s] occurs in word initial, word medial and word final positions. [s] is spelt «s, ss, c, sc, x» as in size, science, lacy, hoarse, pass, axe. Definition. [s] is constrictive fricative, forelingual, apical alveolar, strong, voiceless. Articulation. 1. The tip of the tongue is close to the teeth ridge. The narrowing is round, because of the groove in the blade of the tongue. 2. The teeth are very close together. 3. The vocal cords do not vibrate when [s] is produced. 4. The friction for [s] is strong, even stronger than for [θ].

◊ Exercise 1. Listen and repeat:

Sue bus said

piece sip price

Exercise 2. Read the following words paying special attention to the allophones of the sound [s]:

Word initial Word final [s] before

position positions [θ] and [ð]

see this sixth

soon tense this thing

so miss looks thin

say pass Alice thinks

sit puss Kate’s thirteen

sent sense what’s thick

[s] before [s] before

[w] [r]

sweet miss Rachel

sweater looks radiant

swim Dick’s room

swallow Jack’s rod

swine Jess reads

switch Kit’s writing

Exercise 3. Read the following sentences containing the sound [s]:

1. See you soon.

2. It’s nice of you to say so, sir.

3. It’s beside the question.

4. I can’t accept such a poor excuse.

5. Advertisement helps to sell.

6. Let’s assume that it’s so.

7. My son’s still homesick for school.

8. Pete’s numerous absences from school must be stopped.

9. I absolutely insist that you stay with us.

10. You mustn’t upset yourself, Cecily.

11. So sorry.

12. Just fancy!

13. It makes no sense.

Exercise 4. a) Read the these idiomatic expressions. Learn their meanings:

1. Precisely so. – Совершенно верно.

2. Let’s get to brass tacks. – Перейти к сути дела.

3. It’s like this, you see. – Дело вот в чём.

4. To be so sorry to be such a nuisance. – Доставлять неприятности.

5. To be as cross as two sticks. – Быть не в духе.

b) Make up sentences of your own using these idiomatic expressions. Ask about Cecily, Alice, Sam, Sally, Sandra.

E. g. Sandra is as cross as two sticks.

◊ Exercise 5. Listen and repeat:

sit sensible interesting sleep six

Sam outside instead spend yes

sand seaside just swim Alice

Saturday star skiing

Sunday it’s expensive

sailing let’s exciting

◊Exercise 6. Read the dialogue. Learn it. Act out the dialogue: