Underclass that shames Scotland
Community TERM - the people living in one particular area or people who are considered as a unit because of their common interests, social group, or nationality.
He's well known in the local community.
There's a large black/white/Jewish community living in this area.
There's a real sense of community (= caring and friendly feeling) in this neighbourhood.
State-dependent community/people TERM
To address the problem COL – deal with the problem
Broken society TERM - a perceived or apparent general decline in moral values
Taxpayers TERM - all the people who pay tax to the government
Prosperity TERM - the state of being successful and having a lot of money:
A country's future prosperity depends, to an extent, upon the quality of education of its people.
The war was followed by a long period of peace and prosperity.
To manage smth WITH success COL, PREP
Vast areas (of smth) COL – extremely big areas
to mend, to heal (about problem. society) COL – to make or become well again
To divert attention TO smth COL, PREP – to change attention
Debt TERM - something, especially money, that is owed to someone else, or the state of owing something:
He managed to pay off his debts in two years.
To place a burden ON smth COL, PREP
To resist the itch to do smth ID
To rise (about crime rate, unemployment rate) COL
To fail (about project, business, campaign) COL
For years to come ID – a long period in the future
Serious matter syn: serious problem COL
Nobody can fail to observe FUNC LANG for writing COL
Social disaster TERM – smth bad that happens in the social area
To be regarded as smth COL
To admit a problem COL
Lay out PHR – to arrange smth
Most of Manhattan is laid out in/on a grid pattern.
Unmistakably-mistake WF
To stigmatize (the poor, the underprivileged) COL - to treat someone or something unfairly by disapproving of them:
People should not be stigmatized on the basis of race.
State of affairs ID – the current situation
Resentment-resent WF
Disapproval OF smth/smb– disapprove of smb PREP
Undeniable-deny WF
Social deprivation TERM – a situation in which people do not have basic things that they need to live a comfortable life
To mask the reality/the problem syn: to gloss over a problem PHR
Housing TERM - buildings for people to live in
There's a shortage of cheap housing in the region.
To fund smth(a project) through smth (taxes) PREP, PHR – to provide the money to pay for smth
Consumer goods TERM - products that people buy for their own use:
Prices of consumer goods rose by 2.5% last year.
To meddle COL - to try to change or have an influence on things that are not your responsibility, especially by criticizing in a damaging or annoying way:
My sister's always meddling in other people's affairs.
People shouldn't meddle with things they don't understand.
in time PREP
ignorant OF smth PREP - not having enough knowledge, understanding, or information about something; not polite or showing respect
Many teenagers are surprisingly ignorant about current politics.
We remained blissfully ignorant of the troubles that lay ahead.
to impinge ON smth PREP - to have an effect on something, often causing problems by limiting it in some way:
The government's spending limits will seriously impinge on the education budget.
working class TERM - a social group that consists of people who earn little money, often being paid only for the hours or days that they work, and who usually do physical work:
The working class usually react/reacts in a predictable way to government policies.
to be conscious OF PREP
single parenthood TERM – a parent has children but no partner to live with
drug / alcohol addiction TERM
antisocial behavior TERM – behavior which is harmful to society
juvenile delinquency TERM – committing crimes by young people
sector of society COL
make for smth PHR – to result in or make possible
Having faster computers would make for a more efficient system.
willing to do smth/ willingness to do smth COL
alleviate (about problems) SPELL - to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe:
The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.
deprived communities TERM
to some extent COL
find the means COL
be condemned as COL - to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons:
The terrorist action has been condemned as an act of barbarism and cowardice.
every bit COL
contribute to COL, PREP
scope for political action COL
social security TERM – a system of payments made by the government to people who are ill, poor, or who have no job:
He's on social security.
tax incentive TERM – taxes that make you want to work harder
Employers are being offered tax incentive to hire young people
to favour smth COL - to support or prefer one particular possibility:
In the survey, a majority of people favoured higher taxes and better public services over (= rather than) tax cuts.
to give an advantage to someone or something, in an unfair way:
She always felt that her parents favoured her brother.
to make a/much/little difference COL
to rise/to grow BY a considerable amount PREP
to embark on (reform/project) COL, PREP - to start something new or important:
We're embarking on a new project later this year.
to pay taxes COL
thoroughgoing – thorough WF
to pay salaries TO smb COL, PREP
to abandon the practice OF doing smth COL PREP
a prime cause COL
to dispense with PREP - to get rid of something or someone or stop using them because you do not need them:
They've had to dispense with a lot of luxuries since Mike lost his job.
to highlight the problem COL - to attract attention to the problem
vigorously -vigorous WF – with a lot of energy
to show the indifference to smth COL, PREP
To make smth a priority COL
Voices of the poor
Inadequate (income) (Term) - no good enough, big enough, skilled enough etc for a particular purpose / steady (source of) income
to belong to a community PREP
a lack of smth BUT to lack smth
fear for (the future) PREP
Livelihood (Term) - the way you earn money in order to live
Social Exclusion
Sleep rough (idiom) - to sleep in the open, without a shelter
To treble – to become three times as big, as much, or as many as something else
To launch - to start, open, send something. (Launch a rocket/ a project)
investment in / to invest in (NOT into) PREP
family breakdown COL
Cardboard box cities (term) - an area where people who have no home sleep outside using cardboard boxes
Inner city (term) - the part near the middle of the city, especially where the buildings are in a bad condition and the people are poor.
Jobseeker's allowances (term) - money that the government pays to people who do not have a job but who are looking for it
to live on jobseeker’s allowance PREP
to constitute a social class COL
Grey power TERM =
People power TERM =
to hold votes COL
Minimum wage TERM =
in a bid to = in an attempt to
resort to smth PREP
Asylum seeker (term) - someone who leaves their own country because they are in danger, especially for political reasons, and who asks the government of another country to allow them to live there
Escape poverty (COL) - stop being poor
To live below the poverty line (ID) - extremely poor
To lift someone out of poverty (COL) - help someone to overcome poverty
A widening gulf (COL) - an important difference between the ideas, opinions, or situations of two groups of people.
Deprived regions (COL) - where a lot of deprived people live (who don't have the things that are necessary for a comfortable or happy life)
Street children (term) - children who love or work on the streets
Eradicate poverty (COL) - get rid of it completely
Alleviate poverty (COL) - make less serious.
Political asylum (term) - the right to stay in another country of you cannot live saty in your own country because of the political situation there.
Economic migrant (term) - someone who goes to live in another country because they are likely to find a better job there
Death toll (term) - the number of people who die in an accident, war etc.
to live on the margins of society PREP / ID
to live on the street PREP
in desperate need PREP
Golden opportunity ID
Upward Mobility
Racial equity COL
end racism COL
Meritocracy - TERM - a system or society in which people have influence or status according to their abilities and achievements rather than because of the social class to which they belong
Upward mobility TERM / COL - a situation in which someone moves up in social class
Get ahead PHR - to be more successful, or to progress more quickly than, other people
Reach one’s full potential COL
Achieve gains in wealth COL / PREP– to become rich/richer
Move up PHR
flooded job market COL – market with a lot of unclaimed workforce
to be financially pressed COL
racism TERM - a way of behaving or thinking that shows that you do not like or respect people who belong to races that are different from your own and that you believe your race is better than others
class disparity TERM – a difference between social classes
diminishing income COL = income becoming less
insurmountable barriers COL = impossible to deal with successfully
stay on a par ID = stay on the same level
expand opportunity COL
cut the number of smth COL = reduce the number of. Juvenile justice can’t cut the number of children suffered from adults.
shrink FROM … TO PREP
boomer TERM - someone who was born during the baby boom after the Second World War
undermine - to make something or someone become gradually less effective, confident, or successful
ensuing (years) – future; going after